Women In Media Essay - 684 Words

Women in Television, and what can be said. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Skinny, blond, ditzy, annoying, un-educated, easy, and considered a typical women. If you’re a women and you hear these words, does it make you think of who you are, or your mother or sisters? I think not†¦but I do think about the people I see on television and in magazines or in movies. What I want to know is who is writing the scripts for some of the television shows that I watch. I would like to hope that it’s not women putting these stereotypes on their fellow â€Å"sisters†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Television is so different today in so many ways than what it was when it first started to blossom. â€Å"I love Lucy†, what is that show about? A hard working husband†¦show more content†¦Monica â€Å"Bing† (Courteney Cox Arquette) plays somewhat of a â€Å"bitchy Character† and is tends to be very bossy and sneaky. Cox seems to be to also be very much so like Aniston’s character in the sense of physical perfection. Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow) plays absolutely the most stereotypical female. She is a blond who doesn’t understand anything†¦but it’s a good laugh right? It seems to me that America finds it funny when we watch these blond women on t.v, the way they are portrayed makes it seem as though that’s the way all women of that â€Å"kind† are. A friend, a very highly rated show, seems to be doing something right†¦and I can guaranty you that a lot of the viewers are women. I watch f riends†¦but there are times that it just can’t keep it on that channel due to the effect of stomach illness it has on me when Monica won’t shut up and is ridiculously annoying. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Will amp; Grace. Very, very funny show†¦is it because of the shallow (anorexic appearing) self-centered lady, or is it because of the fouled mouth drunk who married rich? Ally McBeal, a women who wins court cases because of sexual appeal or because of un-thought tactics. Ally also a very thin woman, some say sickly, but it seems at though all the women I have mentioned with the exception of the character Karen (who is perfectly healthy looking) seems to be extremely skinny†¦is that what the women todayShow MoreRelatedThe Women Of The Media1462 Words   |  6 PagesBeautiful, flawless, and slim, those are the women of the media. Times have indeed changed but has the portrayal of women taken a turn? Perhaps yes, in the sense that women are now showed to do more than just cleaning, and cooking, but yet in 2014 or 1950 the women of the media were still captured for beauty and slimness. By no intention is this meaning that women are ugly, because women are beautiful but why doesn’t the media show the inner beauty of a women not being covered in expensive jewelry andRead MoreWomen in Media2092 Words   |  9 Pages‘The Objectification and Dismemberment of Women in the Media-A study on women portrayal in media’ Author: Jyoti jain, Lecturer, Amity Business School, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj.) Abstract Women’s bodies continue to be dismembered in advertising. Over and over again just one part of the body is used to sell products, which is, of course, the most dehumanizing thing you can do to someone. Not only is she a thing, but just one part of that thing is focused on.†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean Kilbourne Read MoreWomen and the Media3250 Words   |  13 Pagesfemale. Women have always been seen, and portrayed as a sex symbol, and usually the disobedient one. Dating back to B.C and the story of Adam and Eve, Eve was the naked one who bit into the fruit that god told her was forbidden. Why couldn’t it have been Adam that caused such scandal, and was the cause for destruction, and crime in the world, and not Eve? From the believed beginning of time, to present day, women have really only progressed a small amount up the social ladder. Today, women are lookedRead MoreRepresentation of Women in the Media618 Words   |  3 Pagesof women in the media Miley Cyrus made media headline around the world, during and after her performance on one of America’s biggest award shows, MTV video music awards (VMAs). Miley Cyrus was accompanied by Robin Thicke a popular Rb musician, who also performed a song, however it seemed Miley Cyrus received the most backlash for her behavior and performance at the awards. Instantaneously a still shot from the performance went viral and immediately created a bad representation of women inRead MoreAre Women Portrayed in the Media?1366 Words   |  6 Pages#20 Professor: Guarracino English 1101-135 10 April 2012 Are Women portrayed in the media? The highlight on the latter raises a larger question about the radicalized sexual images of women today. It is most likely the society that is bombarded by the media’s usage of advertisements, television, billboards, magazines and internet. We are surrounded by the images that most people don’t have. Reality shows and entertainment are emulated and are the common choices for teens today. They mayRead MoreBlack Women And The Media1107 Words   |  5 Pagesmay be considered as compliments for black women even though they are not. However, people only know what the media portrays black women to be. It emphasizes them as ghetto, loud, angry, and ignorant. Black women are more than the negative stigma that the media portrays. In our society, the media reinforces the plague of African American women by stereotypes and falsities originating from slavery. For young African American women, the majority of media portrayal, especially in music and film, isRead MoreMedia Objectifi cation of Women1389 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Objectification of Women â€Å"Dreamworlds 3† To be sociologically mindful is to look for patterns in the society, observe all sides of the social life, ask questions, and seek answers. Being sociologically mindful can lead us to looking into matters that are complex and allow us the opportunity to understand the mechanism behind the division of our society. Race and gender seems to be the most obvious divide lines for this society. While race can sometimes be overlooked in society, discriminationRead MorePerception of Women in the Media1006 Words   |  5 Pageslooked. In this paper we shall examine how language in media has influenced the perception of women in different aspects of their life. It has influenced young women writers and intellects both positively and negative, but both have led to their development either directly or indirectly. Areas to be covered include the political, social dimensions. The discussion will feature how language as an art and artifact is related to perception of women in media. Its impact on personal development as writers andRead MoreIndependent Women in the Media1432 Words   |  6 PagesIndependent women in the media Movies Fatal Attraction (1987) and Devil Wears Prada (2006) are two classical movies that talks about the story of independent women who is in the working force. Even though these movies are released almost 20 years apart, they share a lot of similarities with how independent women are being portrayed in the media. Fatal Attraction was released in the 1980s when the third wave feminism movement began. It became an instant classic in the 80s and was nominatedRead MoreThe Media Image Of Women844 Words   |  4 Pages The way the media depicts women also categorizes which sports are female friendly and which are not. The more the media portrays women as delicate and skinny the more people will associate them with certain sports. Likewise for men, the more physical contact and tough a sport is then it is more associated with men. The way these sports are covered in the media, the language used when reporting it and the visual aspects of how it is displayed subconsciously causes people to assign genders to the

Kellie P. Tindley. Professor Tavel. March 07, 2017. English

Kellie P. Tindley Professor Tavel March 07, 2017 English 204 Sing Those Spiritual Secrets â€Å"My music is not for everyone. It’s only for the strong-willed, the (street) soldiers music. It’s not like party music-I mean, you could gig to it, but it’s spiritual. My music is spiritual. It’s like Negro spirituals, except for the fact that I’m saying ‘We shall overcome.’ I’m saying that we are overcome. -Tupac Shakur- As of 2017 we are 152 years free of slavery in America. But, that doesn’t mean that mentally we as a people aren’t still singing through spirituals. There are many movements that are going on in America as of today that are still fighting for freedom of rights, equality, love and speech. Those empowerment movements beat from the same†¦show more content†¦Then not just known as slaves but as Africans. Africans came from the land in which the rivers and food for hunting flowed abundantly and their land was their land. Africans came from the land where tribal dance and song were praises to the gods or just to rejoice in happiness. Though Africans also kidnapped or own other slaves it wasn’t in brutality and they may even have a chance to escape because they were in their own land. When Africans were brought over to the US territories they had no form of communication with outsiders but only within their own. And, the only way they could hold on to land of t heir home was to still give way to their traditional form of dance and tribal praise. After years of enslavement, the African slaves became Americanized and later converted to African-Americans, understanding English but not all could read or write English. The master’s thought their slaves Christianity; the stories of Moses, Jesus and the Bible in whole. The slaves endure hardship after hardship, that today Americans couldn’t hold the strength capacity to survive. The slaves had white masters that looked at them as nothing more than cattle or property; not all but most. The slaves were field workers of inhuman tolerances, house workers, toys for the master’s children, and forced sexual objects (rape). The slaves may have not known yet how to physically escape the endeavors of their white slave master’s but

Research Methods Ch1 Test free essay sample

Which of the following examples illustrates research the way it is defined in your textbook? a. Sally is writing a paper about the effects of the Harry Potter books on the reading habits of fourth graders in the United States and United Kingdom. She goes to a research library to find information to include in her paper. b.Ian wants to know why the population of songbirds has declined in recent years in the Sutton Wilderness Area. He carefully collects soil and water samples, systematically surveys the entire area for predators, and then sits down to make sense of his findings. c.Leonard is starting a woodworking business and is not sure how to calculate the cost of his labor so he can be both profitable and fair to the customers. He asks several established business owners how they calculate labor changes. d.Bill is doing a report on the sonnets of Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Methods Ch1 Test or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He carefully reads a number of sonnets and then carefully reads scholarly reviews of those same sonnets written by various Shakespeare scholars. He synthesizes all of this information in his report. *3.Which of the following is defined as an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon? a.Theory b.Inference c.Hypothesis d.Interpretation *4.Which of the following is defined as a reasonable guess, or a logical supposition, for explaining the phenomenon under investigation? a.Theory b.Inference c.Hypothesis d.Interpretation *5.The process of formal research begins with the identification of: a.research hypotheses. b.a feasible research plan. c.available participants. d.a research problem. *6.The purpose of formal research is to: a.prove or disprove the study hypotheses. b.support or fail to support the study hypotheses. c.identify alternative hypotheses. d.move beyond the need for hypotheses. *7.Assumptions come into play: a.in regard to nearly every aspect of every research study. b.in qualitative research but not in quantitative research. c.when research is not well thought out. d.rarely, if ever. *8.Well-designed research manages to minimize or avoid: a.assumptions. b.predictions. c.theory. d.bias. *9.Researchers ______ their phenomenon of interest on the basis of data analysis. a.make inferences about b.know facts about c.define d.identify *10.A primary function of the methodology is to: a.guide and control the acquisition of data. b.extract meaning from the data that have been gathered. c.both a and b d.neither a nor b *11.Three of the following come into play as the researcher analyzes the data. Which one does NOT? a.The study hypothesis/hypotheses b.Preferences for certain outcomes c.The logical reasoning process d.Assumptions *12.A well-designed and well-conducted study: a.answers questions of importance in the field. b.raises questions of importance to the field. c.answers some questions and raises other questions. *13.Reading the professional literature in the field of interest: a.will enhance an individual’s ability to design and conduct high-quality research. b.will stifle creativity and constrain the individual to the status quo. c.will make little difference to the quality and impact of the individual’s work. d.is necessary only for the leaders in the field. *14.One indication that a piece of information is of high quality is that the information: a. is found on the Internet. b.is found in a juried (or refereed) research report. c.resulted from a project that received corporate funding. d.is the firsthand account of a personal experience.

Should Cigarettes be Illegal

Introduction Numerous allegations have been put forward against tobacco in bid to make United States of America’s government declare cigarette smoking illegal. Research has shown that one in every ten adults die out of tobacco related illness. In fact, there has been argument that the only preventable deaths are those caused by tobacco. In addition, it has been found that tobacco contributes to poverty intensification.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Cigarettes be Illegal? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For cigarette smokers, about 10% of their income goes to cigarette. This leaves them with less to spend on things such as education, food and health care. Consequently, tobacco is blamed for contributing to the level of illiteracy in United States. With most of cultivable land being used for tobacco growth, it is evident that tobacco contributes to reduction in food commodities in United S tates. Land currently being used for tobacco ought to be used for planting maize and other food crops (Lovato, Linn, Stead Best pp. 115-118). Another negative impact of tobacco is environmental pollution from cigarette smoke and butts. With tobacco being blamed for these adversaries, one wonders why the government is unwilling to declare cigarette smoking illegal. There are many economic benefits associated with tobacco and declaring cigarettes smoking illegal would render the nation incapacitated economically. Cigarette smoking ought not to be declared illegal. In its place, the government needs to come up with measures to regulate cigarette smoking so as to cater for the young generation which being affected by cigarette smoking at an alarming late. Why government can not illegalize cigarettes Illegalizing tobacco in America would lead to the country’s economy being greatly affected. Tobacco industry is a major contributor to the country’s economy with the industry offering jobs to tens of thousands of the Americans. In 1993, nearly 43,000 Americans were working in tobacco related companies. In the same year, federal, state and local governments gotten 15 billion dollars as tax collected from tobacco industry. In 1995, Price Waterhouse Coppers carried out an analysis that indicated that 51.5 billion dollars of the total Gross National Production came from tobacco industry (Bearman 31). Besides, over 681,353 of the Americans were working in tobacco industry. These huge economic benefits of the industry underline the reasons why the government is not willing to declare cigarette smoking illegal.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact that tobacco industry greatly influences politics of different states in United States is a sufficient reason why cigarette smoking is here to stay. In most cases, the government gets its campaign fu nds from the industry. For that reason, those in the government would not like to oppose the industry’s activities as it would appear like biting the hand that fed them. With approximately 45 million Americans smoking, illegalizing cigarettes would ruin government’s reputation (Bearman pp. 45-53). This implies that the respective government would be risking loosing its political power in the country. Consequently, the government always acts with a lot of caution when it comes to matters affecting tobacco industry. Influence of tobacco industry in America For decades, tobacco industry in America has worked hard to shoot down all programs aimed at controlling its operations. Whenever a law controlling activities of the tobacco industry is established, the industry quickly mobilizes it lawyers, advertisers, public relations personnel and lobbyists to come up with measures to counter it. In addition, the industry works hard to repeal any tobacco control measures that are i ntroduced in the country. A good example is when voters in California unanimously passed Proposition 99. Tobacco industry countered the move by heavily funding Californian legislators (Glantz Balbach 65). This led to Governor Pete blocking anti-smoking advertisements that were being funded through tax money. The government stopped funding the advertisements. By funding legislators, the industry managed to influence them to vote for suspension of ban on smoking in bars. The state legislature became friendly to tobacco. Apart from seeking support from legislators, tobacco industry used superior marketing strategies to change public opinion. Afterwards, the industry proposed its way of controlling tobacco use in the state duped Proposition 188. The industry disguised its proposal as a pro-health measure that would ensure that children do not have access to cigarettes. However, the proposal was aimed at weakening existing state’s tobacco control measures and making it hard for a ny city or town to pass anti-tobacco regulations. Luckily enough, voters realized that the proposal was supported by tobacco industry before they voted it in and it was rejected (Glantz Balbach 73).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Should Cigarettes be Illegal? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Massachusetts, tobacco industry tried to bribe state legislature to drop a ballot initiative that led to increment of cigarette tax. The industry used more that half a million dollars in trying to ensure that legislators allowed it to continue advertising its products. In addition, the industry lowered prices of its products to attract more customers. Moreover, the industry came up with false allegations that cigarettes were being smuggled to black markets (Saloojee Dagli pp. 902-910). To clear its image in the public, the industry funded numerous projects through concealed alliances with health, education and other public interest organizations. The above cases are just few examples of how tobacco industry has been able to render laws aimed at regulating its products use ineffective. The six tobacco companies in America are influential such that they have been able to counter all health reports and laws aimed at restricting smoking. The companies continue enjoying big profits and are currently buying other non-tobacco companies as an expansion strategy. Young generation and cigarette smoking Rarely have researchers conducted a survey on children below twelve years regarding their exposure to smoking. A survey carried out in Washington State shown that 30% of children aged ten and eleven years that were interviewed agreed to have ever tried smoking. To look at it in a different perspective, every day over 3500 children under the age of 18 years try smoking for their first time. In addition, more than 1000 adolescents are becoming addicted daily. 90% of cigarette smokers have confessed th at they got addicted when they were barely 18 years old (Gostin, Arno Brandt pp. 410-115). There are instances when children smokers have tried to quit. However, research indicates that three out four who attempt to quit smoking fail. Various reasons have been cited to contribute to children getting addicted to cigarette smoking at an early age. Parents have been found to neglect their responsibilities and they smoke in presence of their children. Accordingly, kids find it awesome and they decide to try it out of curiosity. There are parents who send their children to buy cigarettes for them or even leaves cigarette on places where children can easily access them thus making them tempted to smoke. Peer influence is another factor that has led to children smoking at an early age.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At adolescent, children tend to copy their friends without knowing the repercussions so as to be part of the group or to be accepted by their peers (Gostin, Arno Brandt p. 416). If a child happens to be in company of smokers, he or she gets influenced by others thus indulging in smoking. Media has not been left behind in contributing to this predicament. Some of the children who get involved in smoking claim to have first learnt it from media. Most of the tobacco advertisements are fascinating and are conveyed using numerous colors which make them attractive. Accordingly, children develop a perception that smoking is good and makes one feel being part of a certain social class or status. There are children who start smoking with an intension of seeking self identity (Gostin, Arno Brandt pp. 417-118). Such children think that smoking is meant for mature people and the only way they can show others that they are mature is by smoking. Regulating cigarette smoking Banning cigarette sm oking would adversely affect national economy as tobacco industry contributes to the Gross National production of United States of America. Rather than banning cigarette smoking, measures ought to be put in place to regulate cigarette use. Children need to be educated on the effects of smoking cigarettes at an early age. Highlighting negative effects of cigarette smoking to children would help in scaring them away from smoking while those who smoke would work hard to stop it before they get addicted. Between 1967 and 1970 Americans were informed about pros and cons of smoking. This led to the number of smokers decreasing by 7% as people learnt about the dangers they were exposing themselves to by smoking. It was also found that more than 7000 adolescents who had started smoking stopped (Borland pp. 374-380). The number of young smokers started increasing immediately the government became reluctant and allowed such messages to be withdrawn from televisions and radios. Parents have to be educated on dangers of smoking in presence of their children, sending children to buy cigarettes and leaving cigarettes in places that their children can access them. If parents must smoke let them do it away from their children. The government needs to put forth stern warning to retailers who sell cigarettes to children. Retailers ought to first enquire on the age of persons buying cigarette if they suspect them to be minors. This is by asking them about their age and if they doubt them demand for a document showing their age such as identity card both national and college identification card or driver’s license. This would scare away minors from purchasing cigarettes as well as discourage parents from sending their children. In most cases, young smokers are incapable of buying cigarettes in big packages. They go for smaller packages. Recently, there was introduction of â€Å"kiddie† packs in United States ((Borland pp. 381-382). These are smaller packages of ciga rettes that are inexpensive and easy to hide. The introduction has offered young smokers an opportunity to continue smoking as they are now capable of buying them. The government ought to stick to the rule that requires retailers not distribute cigarettes in small quantities. This would make it hard for children and adolescents to purchase cigarettes. Companies in tobacco industry get high returns as tobacco products are highly consumed across the globe. As a result, the companies are capable of using huge amount of money to make sure that they come up with strongly appealing advertisements. It is the government’s duty to ensure that these companies are compelled to make sure that they have reduced appeal of their advertisements to children and adolescents (Gostin pp. 234-236). Even if we try to warn youths on the dangers of cigarette smoking and continue running appealing advertisements in our televisions and press, we will not make significant steps towards helping them qui t or steer clear from smoking. This does not imply that tobacco companies should stop running their advertisements. In stead, advertisements should be presented in such a way that they retain advertisement components and labels that provide information to adults but do away with those appealing labels such as imagers and colors that draw children and adolescents to cigarette smoking. All tobacco advertisements need to be conveyed in black-and-white and the number of imagery and moving pictures reduced (JLCom Publishing Co., L.L.C para. 4-8). In addition, the rule that requires all outdoor advertisements done by tobacco companies are placed more than 1000 square feet from public playgrounds should be maintained and strictly enforced. All items aimed at promoting tobacco products should not be sold to children and adolescents. These include products such as caps, T-shirts and other items that carry logos of tobacco related products. Nevertheless, tobacco companies should not be banned from holding or sponsoring events in their names. Taxation is another measure that needs to be used in regulating cigarette smoking. Generally, when a product is highly taxed, it cost goes up. Rather than giving incentives to tobacco companies, the government ought to raise taxes for tobacco products so as to make them expensive (Gostin pp. 237-239). This will make it hard for children and adolescents to afford tobacco products thus discouraging them from smoking and using other tobacco products. Lesson from alcohol prohibition In early 19th century, ministers, employers and physicians established an ant-alcohol movement in bid to reduce the rate of alcohol consumption in America. The movement tried to convince the public that alcohol drinking had more harm than good. It claimed that as people continuously drink alcohol, their health deteriorate as well as moral character. Alcohol was associated with various social problems that were facing the society such as poverty, insanity, vi olence as well as crimes (Levine Reinarman para. 12). To solve these problems, the movement maintained that people had to completely stop taking alcohol. With time, the movement gave birth to prohibitionist organization which eventually led to establishment of laws that banned manufacture and sale of alcohol in the country. Despite the government coming up with laws that banned alcohol production and sales in American, people continued manufacturing and selling it secretly. The ban managed to curb alcohol production for commercial purpose but on the other hand people started manufacturing hard liquor. Tens of thousands of people manufactured hard liquor in forests, basements and all other places that they believed the government would not easily identify. In addition, alcohol manufactured for industrial and medical use found its way to public hands (Levine Reinarman para. 12). The percentage of wine consumption increased during prohibition period. People were found to smuggle alco holic drinks from other countries which had not banned alcohol production such as Italy. In other words, prohibition led to emergence of copious crimes with people using all available means to get access to alcohol. There are those who saw prohibition as an avenue for making money. For instance, physicians prescribed wines and spirits and made them available in their pharmacies at a higher cost. People disguised as ministers and distributed â€Å"sacramental wine† in large quantities. There are those who traveled all the way to Canada and came back with trucks full of liquor (Levine Reinarman para. 14). Instead of eliminating alcohol industry, prohibition decentralized and made alcohol production and distribution autonomous. Based on lesson learnt from alcohol prohibition, it is evident that American government can not and will never succeed in illegalizing cigarette smoking. By closing tobacco industry, the government would risk people growing and distributing tobacco produ cts in secrete. In addition, tobacco is grown and processed in the neighboring countries. Consequently, Americans would still access cigarettes by smuggling them from other countries. The government should not overlook the fact that closing tobacco industry would lead to emergence of cartels that would distribute tobacco products in the country. Current high demand for tobacco products in America implies that there is a booming business with people making a lot of profit from cigarettes and other tobacco products. As a result, people can not just sit back and assume that since tobacco industries are closed demand for cigarettes in the country no longer exists. There are those who would look for alternative means of distributing the products secretly. Whereas people think that illegalizing cigarettes would help in curbing smoking, it would only lead to more people getting involved in their production and distribution. Rather than illegalizing cigarettes, the government needs to advoc ate for public education on dangers of cigarette smoking. Moreover, tobacco advertisements need to be regulated so as to ensure that they do not decoy children and adolescents. Conclusion Tobacco industry has great influence in United States’ economy since it offers jobs to thousands of Americans and is a source of revenue to the government. The industry is influential such that it is hard for the government to implement laws aimed at regulating its activities. Since over 45 million Americans smoke, the government lacks power to abolish smoking in the country. High demand for tobacco products such as cigarettes is leading to tobacco companies buying other non-tobacco companies to increase their production and distribution. As the industry enjoys huge profits, it is possible for it to come up with appealing advertisements thus boosting its sales. These advertisements are blamed for making children and adolescents indulge in smoking. Rather than illegalizing cigarette smoking, the government needs to come up with measures to regulate smoking. Some of these measures include prohibiting use of appealing advertisements and locating cigarette advertisements away from public playgrounds. Moreover, the government ought to highly tax tobacco products so as to make them expensive for children and adolescents (Pechmann, Zhao, Goldberg Thomas pp. 1-18). Additionally children and adolescents should be educated on the dangers of smoking. This will discourage them from smoking for those who have not started. Young smokers should be helped to quit. As evidenced by alcohol prohibition, illegalizing cigarettes would only lead to a more severe problem. Americans would look for alternative ways of producing and distributing cigarettes secretly. It is the duty of American government to come up with measures to regulate cigarette smoking rather than thinking of abolishing smoking. Works Cited Bearman, Peter. After Tobacco: What Would Happen If Americans Stopped Smoking? New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Borland Ron. â€Å"A strategy for controlling the marketing of tobacco products: a regulated market model.† Tob Control 12 (2003):374–82. Glantz, Stanton Balbach, Edith. Tobacco war: Inside the California battles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. Gostin, Lawrence O. â€Å"Global Regulatory Strategies for Tobacco Control.† The Journal of the American Medical Association 17 (2007): 234-239. Gostin, Lawrence, Arno, Peter Brandt, Allan. â€Å"FDA regulation of tobacco advertising and youth smoking. Historical, social, and constitutional perspectives. Journal of the American Medical Association 277 (1999):410–418. JLCom Publishing Co., L.L.C. â€Å"The Regulations Restricting the Sale and Distribution of Cigarettes and Smokeless Tobacco to Protect Children and Adolescents.† 2001. Web. Levine, Harry G. Reinarman, Craig. â€Å"Alcohol prohibition and drugs prohibition: Lessons from alcohol policy for drug policy.† 2004. Web. Lovato, Chris, Linn, Gilat, Stead, Lindsay Best, Allan. â€Å"Impact of tobacco advertising and promotion on increasing adolescent smoking behaviours.† Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003. Pechmann, Cornelia, Zhao, Guangzhi, Goldberg, Marvin Thomas, Ellen. â€Å"What to Convey in Antismoking Advertisements for Adolescents: The Use of Protection Motivation Theory to Identify Effective Message Themes.† Journal of Marketing 67(2003):1–18. Saloojee, Yussuf Dagli, Elif. â€Å"Tobacco industry tactics for resisting public policy on health.† Bull World Health Organization 78 (2000):902–910. This research paper on Should Cigarettes be Illegal? was written and submitted by user Amanda Mcgee to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Parenting and Caring Core Notes Essay Sample free essay sample

Becoming parents and carersParent: person who cares for an baby from birth until independency. Carer: person who takes on function of looking after person who is sick or dependent. Bing a parent or carer is one of them most demanding occupations there is. Children need to larn how to be strong. to develop the ability to do determinations. and be responsible and trusty. They should larn how to love and be loved. to care about people and demo regard for households and others. Biological parents: Are the people who produce and provide the familial stuff for a kid. Begins at the minute of construct. †¢Pregnancy: consequence of intercourse or unreal insemination. Lasts 38-40 hebdomads. Natural birth or by cesarean subdivision can go on. -Planned: Willfully seeking to hold a babe -Unplanned: unplanned gestation normally occurs when you have unprotected sexual intercourse illustration rape/abuse. †¢IVF and GIFT: when gestation doesn’t occur of course. We will write a custom essay sample on Parenting and Caring Core Notes Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Involves eggs being removed. assorted with seeds so re-implanted into the womb. GIFT ( gamete intra-fallopian transportation ) involves the egg and sperm transferred into the adult female so construct occurs inside the organic structure. Social parents: Persons who care for a kid without supplying familial stuff. These parents take on the duties of being a parent and may confront peculiar troubles due to the nature of their relationship with the kid. †¢Adoption: option for parents who can non gestate a kid. But there are few babies/children available and long waiting lists. It is a legal process where the kid is no longer considered portion of their biological household. Parents are required to demo that they can run into the demands of the kid. Potential parents motive. repute. personal and matrimonial stableness. province of wellness are all assessed. It requires a batch of energy and the willingness and ability to give the kid a great trade of clip. love and care. †¢Fostering: impermanent agreement from a few yearss to a few old ages. Coordinated by Department of Community Services. One of the hardest signifiers of rearing. Child may be socially. psychologically or physically scarred from old agreements. Foster parents have daily duties for kid but no legal right. †¢Step parenting: when a adult male or adult female marries or signifiers a de facto relationship with a spouse who has kids from a old relationship. they become a measure parent. May go alternate function theoretical account. but may happen it difficult to be accepted. Have no legal duties for the kid but can carry through all parenting demands. †¢Surrogacy: adult female agrees to gestate. transport out and give birth to a kid so give the kid to the twosome. Different ways- usage of doner eggs and sperm. Controversial signifier of rearing. Most instances the surrogant female parent has legal rights over the kid. Carer relationships: each carer state of affairs is alone. Cares can be professionals. parents. spouses. brothers. sisters. friends. or kids of any age. May help an person in day-to-day undertakings such as eating. bathing. dressing. toileting. transit. administration of fundss. emotional support. or administrating medicine. May or may non populate with the individual they care for. May or may non be paid. Normally a comparative. Womans are traditionally seen as primary health professional. but this is easy altering. Carers meet the demands of the person. supply stableness and entree to household and societal webs etc. can offer chance for personal growing and development of accomplishments but besides defeat and hurt. †¢Voluntary carers: 1 in 5 families attention for household member of friends with a disablement. mental unwellness. chronic status or aged. Saves the Australian community $ 16billion a twelvemonth. They normally take on the function due to household duty. to supply better attention than an establishment and/or emotional duties. Many carers are among the poorest. most deprived members of the community. Full clip carers may non be able to work = fiscal adversity. Some fiscal support and reprieve available. †¢Paid carers: many types including: Foster carers. direct carers. employed by a service or bureau. nursing places. infirmaries. hotels. reprieve attention. nursing places. Centres for peoples with disablements. after school carers. kid attention workers. babe Sitters. and nursemaids. Majority of workers rely on authorities pensions. benefit and allowance to back up themselves whilst caring full clip. This sum merely allows for a basic life style to be maintained. Pull offing parenting and lovingness dutiesPreparations for going a parent or carer †¢Physical – parental considerations for parent and child’s wellness ParentCarer?Give up smoke. intoxicant. caffeine ( male and female ) as birthrate and sperm production are adversely effected. and stdies show this causes abortion and stillbirth ?live a healthy life style. exercising so as to prduce a healthy kid and cut down emphasis. as emphasis interferes with sperm priduction and ovulation. EXERCISE ACCEPTBLE THRUOUT PREGANCY: -walking-swimming?Good slumber forms?Diet so as to give the kid indispensable foods and vitamins.?Often inveterate tired due to caring for parents 24/7?Health at hazard due to caring duties such as back hurting from raising †¢Social alterations parents and carers may hold to doParentCarer?Baby takes precedence over socializing?Not to remain out excessively late to guarantee equal remainder?Share functions so that one spouse can hold clip out for athletics. leisure or societal activities ( organized b4 birth ) ?Educate friends and household on the alterations holding a kid or person to care for will hold on their clip. and will hence be forced to pass less clip with them ?Be prepared to see isolation from co-worker contacts. ?Contact a support group to offer the rational stimulation needed to fulfill psychological well-being. and satisfy emotional well-being ?Opt for societal interaction to be more household based such as household field daies. In such instances be aftering is required on what equipment to take for the kid. or forming childcare?Insufficient clip for socializing and leisure ?Educate friends and household on the alterations being a carer will hold on their clip. and will hence be forc ed to pass less clip with them ?Opt for societal interaction to be more household based ?Contact a support group to offer the rational stimulation needed to fulfill psychological well-being. and satisfy emotional well-being ?Important to keep societal contacts in order to non experience socially stray ?May consequence household relationships as carer is frustrated and distressed owing to carer demands †¢Emotional readyings for the new relationshipsParentCarer?Added emphasis. clairvoyance. if there is tenseness between the spouses. or fiscal issues. ?Mother experience hormonal alterations doing moodswings. Nausea and weariness may consequences in crossness and depression ?Mother a bag of emotions towards the terminal of gestation as she: -feels unnatracitve = low-s-e -apprehensive about the baby’s wellness and her ability to get by with the kid oDiscussions with the direct carers such as nurses. and spouses reassures the female parent of the coming of the kid ?Mothers spouse may experience neglected as female parent and kid receive all the attending ?Siblings feel neglected as the new babe receives attending of parents and household members. The parents need to explicate to the kid the new household state of affairs so as to do them experience included. ?May feel apprehensiveness frequently in respects to the child’s wellness and future ?Essential for the twosome to put aside clip to be entirely with each other on a more personal footing ?Baby brings extended household closer. offering advice and penetration on rearing to the new parents?Essential for the carer to put aside clip to for household or spouse each other on a more personal footing ?Caring for person emotionally can ensue in a sense of dignity and allow for personal growi ng and development ?Skills learnt E. g. Sign linguistic communication when caring for a deaf individual ?Time demand on carer causes defeat and hurt †¢Economic factors act uponing resource direction in the lovingness relationship ParentCarer?Child demands love and attending?A layette ( dressing necessity for a neonate ) ( new. borrowed. second-hand ) ?Maternity apparels ( new. borrowed. second-hand )?Equipment: ( new. borrowed. second-hand. rented )-Pram-Highchair-Car place-Cot-Baby alteration surface-Some playthings ?Food outgo: high if bottle-fed. addition when solids intro. -Tip to salvage $ : cook at place ?Babysitters necessary as kid grows in order to pass clip with one another -Smartness! : Parents frequently join babysitting cooperatives where parents pay each other to baby-sit with clip and non money. OR relos. and friends ?Initially lodging unaffected. However. as turning up may necessitate larger infinite where they can play and travel in a safe environment ?The household decides who will take parental or pregnancy leave by measuring their fiscal state of affairs to guarantee the most efficient work and attention agreements are chosen?The household decides who will take leave by measuring their fiscal state of affairs to guarantee the most efficient work and attention agreements are chosen ?Inadequate finiancial aid – STAT: in 2001 50 % + fulltime carers said their hebdomadal income was less than $ 200 ?Insufficient support services. deficiency of flexible work hours. and the inability to entree entitlements prevent carers from obtaining employment in the work force. ?Many carers rely on authorities support and benefits. However. some do non use as they do non cognize who to reach. or are put off by the application procedure. ?Dependants and carers frequently have higher life costs due to excess wash. warming. healthcare†¦ ? Factors act uponing resource direction in the lovingness relationship †¢Dependents affected by the lovingness relationship-Age: determines the consequence that caring for another will hold. No affair the age. green-eyed monster or bitterness may happen. The age spread between the parents and kid or dependant will impact relationship. Older parents/carers ? less energy but more financially secure. Younger parents/carers ? fewer fiscal resources and life accomplishments. -Skills: and capablenesss depend on age and degree of development. Dependants who have developed accomplishments to fix repasts and aid in family undertakings will be of benefit to the household. -Special demands: temporary/permanent physical or mental disablement during childhood. Most parents experience daze. incredulity and guilt. May demand to seek extra support. specializer aid. or reding. †¢Resources -Time: undertakings accomplished through a twenty-four hours depend on values. ends resources division of labor should be discussed. Time is likely to be limited for a carer with dependants. -Energy: greater demands on carers. Children’s/adolescents have more energy. Carers may happen themselves physically drained. Management necessary to forestall weariness. Use of human and non-human resources aid. -Finances: authorities offers payments to help parents and carers. Family revenue enhancement benefit-helps with cost of raising kids. Carer payment for full clip carer’s of person with a disablement. chronic unwellness. frail. aged. Rearing payment pregnancy allowance. payment etc. -Housing: basic demand. Family alterations means lodging demand will. Children need room for slumber and drama. Choose lodging sing location with respect to transport. Parkss. kid attention installations. medical installations. school. employment. Home may necessitate alterations – inclin es etc for easy entree around place. Location determines cost. †¢Access to services: Many community and authorities groups/services available. Many people unaware of these. Parent/carer may necessitate to do agreements for dependants whilst accessing services. Dependants cant merely be left. they may necessitate apparels. diapers. bottles. wheelchair entree. auto capsules. Rearing and caring relationshipsFunctions in parenting and lovingness †¢Individuals and groups who adopt functions:Many persons and groups who take on the duty for rearing and caring. Over clip bonds develop with a carer who is non a member of the immediate household. †¢Types of parents:-Non-custodial: when parents divorce. non-custodial parent normally provide care. Best intrest of kid to keep relationship with both parents. Non-custodial parents frequently have duty for kid on weekends. normally the male parent. -Foster carers: run into the demands of the kid in their attention. Legally they maintain day-to-day duties of kid. long-run public assistance of kid remains with province authorities. -Adoptive: womb-to-tomb committedness. Emotionally run outing procedure. Child requires particular attention and attending. -Grand parents: relied on for both physical and emotional support. They can offer economical child care options sometimes offer advice that may be unwelcome. Can develop strong bonds with babes. Can go through on cultural traditi ons. household history and values. Important kids have contact with grandparents or older people so they have a broad scope of important others. -Relatives/siblings: older brothers/sisters take on parent and caring function. Important when parent/carer is at work or needs a brake with eating or playing. Other members of the drawn-out household offer child care. reprieve for carers. positive function theoretical accounts or repasts. Aunts uncles. cousins allow relationships to develop between larger groups to help in the socialisation of the kid. -Teahcers: construct on the cognition and accomplishments established by the parents and act as function theoretical accounts. offer parents independency and kids a new and exciting universe. societal development. acquisition. accomplishment development and creativeness encouraged. Teacher are lawfully considered to move in balmy parentis ( in the topographic point for the parents ) which means they are responsible for the public assistance of the kid whilst they’re at school. -Paid carers: kid attention workers offer organized activities. slumber. remainder. repasts. and toys that household may non supply. Family day-care registered at local council for caring for kids on a regular footing. Nannies- expensive. can besides make housek eeping. Creches- child care Centres frequently located in workplaces. Person who looks after aged or frail household members- nurse. physical therapist. paid comrade. -Significant others: portion in the parenting and caring function. Doctors-must find one you can swear and child is comfy with. Social workers-trained to handle behavioral jobs in kids and household. may assist with child direction. matrimonial accommodation. budgeting. chronic unwellness. lodging. happening occupations and medical attention. Neighbours/friends- support for a few hours or longer. †¢Roles and outlooks of parents and carers -Basic demands of nutrient. vesture. lodging. medical attention.-Establishing household ends and moral values.-Provide income and fiscal security-Create nurturing. loving and understanding place environment. -Encourage development of accomplishments and disablements of dependants. -Recognize individualism and developing duty in kids -Demonstrate sensible subject steps on children/dependents. -Sharing responsibilities. duties. and household direction -Enjoying and sharing in kids and dependants activities. -Providing positive function theoretical accounts. Factors act uponing parenting and caring relationships†¢Age: must be considered in respect to resource direction. As age of parent additions so does fiscal stableness. Some older adult female in fright of their birthrate diminishing may go exclusive parents. Hazards of complications during gestation additions with age. Majority of primary carers are in-between ages adult female. †¢Culture and faith: Australia is a multi-cultural society. Often differences in kid rise uping methods from civilization to civilization. Aboriginal. Polynesian and Jamaican civilization have brothers and sisters sharing the same duties for the kid as the female parent or male parent. Religious or religious groups provide a set of regulations and behaviors. particular times for worship. even dictate the frock and diet of the household. †¢Education: by and large those with higher instruction tend to research parenting and lovingness techniques through books. picture and cyberspace. Formal and i nformal beginnings. Parents/carers with more instruction by and large are able to entree services and have more resources available. Parenting/caring techniques taught at school. Parents/carers value of instruction influences their ends for child’s instruction. †¢Gender: can greatly act upon relationship person has with kid or individual being cared for. Traditionally adult female are seen as primary health professional in households. Families with lower socioeconomic position means gender function differences and outlooks are more strongly defined. Children’s constructs of gender functions develop from their ain experiences and observations. In lovingness and instruction professions e. g. nursing and instruction there is a predomination of adult female. Positive relationships with parent/carer in early childhood aid to set up gender individuality. †¢Previous experience/own up-bringing: influences how they parent. Parents have thoughts about what parentage involves and their ain capablenesss. These thoughts are based on observations of other parents every bit good as civilization. media and gender. May lead to unrealistic or impractical outlooks. Parents who were abused will abuse- demand reding. †¢Socioeconomic position: Australia is a in-between income society. Family income determines resources utilized for mainta ing relationships. Higher income may intend preschool. music lessons or place aid. Low income may intend less expensive ways of socialisation which include community resort areas. local swimming pool or children’s parties. Lower-income may trust on authorities payments and benefits. Occupations. geographical location besides influence parenting and caring relationship- installations available. †¢Media: parenting/caring portrayed in Television. wireless. newspapers. magazines. films. music. picture games. books or measure boards. Parent determination devising manners seen in television play. Media transmits images of how different groups in society should move and behave- leads people to believe this is acceptable or normal behavior. Images are frequently non realistic. and can do tenseness in a relationship. †¢Nature of relationship: influences the development of the bond that develops. Arrival of babe brings emphasis to twosomes relationship. Love is a basic demand of every person. Contact through tegument. eyes. familiar sound or odor strengthen the baby’s feeling of comfort. Children who are unloved or have parents who show small involvement in them may experience insecure and unhappy they may neglect to boom physically or have difficulty covering with emotions. †¢Style of parenting: there are many rearing manners. but there is a general tendency i n manner parents behave. Family civilization. background. faith the media. friends and societal outlooks influence parental authorization. -Authoritarian parenting: involves one or both parents doing all the determinations and regulations. and teaching and directing the behavior of the kids. Children are punished if they d non reach outlooks. Few wagess are offered and are seldom praised. Loath to discourse jobs. -Democratic parenting: all household members have equal rights and engagement in decision-making. kids encouraged to do determinations and take duties. Family set ends and wagess when they’re reached. Punishment/rewards negotiated. Parents can swear kids. unfastened conversations. -Permissive/indulgent parenting: small control over kids. Few demands placed on kid. Child has no duties e. g. house work. Small chance to develop independency. Do non larn how to do determinations. Children may go self indulgent. egoistic. rebellious. disobedient. May believe parents don’t attention about them. -Negligent parenting: parents fail to take duty for their children’s actions and behavior. Parents failed to supply equal demands for kid. Fail to demo love. concern. control child’s behaviour- disobedient/delinquent kid as consequence. Child may be removed for short or long period of clip. Abusive parents or dependences to drugs/alcohol. Unsupervised children-parents face immense mulct. †¢Special demands: a kid with particular demands needs more attention- attention from parents. brothers. sisters. other household members. friends. professionals. -Disabilities: â€Å"a limitation or deficiency ( ensuing from an damage ) of ability to execute an activity in the mode or within the scope considered normal for a human being† . ?Specific larning difficulties-in a particular are of larning and dyslexia. ?Learning difficulties-vary in badness and caused in many ways such as encephalon harm or syndromes ( eg. downs or delicate Ten ) ?Emotional/social difficulties- fright. depression. hapless ego regard. lonliness ?Behavioural- ADD. ADHA. antisocial and personally destructive behavior ?Speech/language-stutter ing. delayed address development ?Sensory impairments-visual or hearing?Physical impairments- troubles with motion. mobility. coordination ?Physical conditions- cystic fibrosis. arthritis. chronic unwellness. Many professional who offer specialised medical intervention physicians. societal workers. kid psychologists. nurses and place attention or particular instruction instructors. Parents and carers need practical and emotional support for old ages. Gifted and talented kids need particular attending to make their possible. †¢Multiple function outlooks as a consequence of committednesss to: Society places many force per unit areas on parents. Parents/carers have function outlooks placed on them in a assortment of countries including. household. work. athletics. leisure’s. church and community groups. Complexity of functions can take to conflict. -Family: parents function to run into basic demand of kid. Food. shelter. vesture. To assist. family undertakings can be out-sourced. done by other people. Semens at a cost. Couples agree parents should portion functions of parenting and kid rise uping every bit. division of family responsibilities. -Work: balance between household and work force. Employers are required to suit demands of employees with households. Part-time work. job-sharing. working weekends/evenings. working from place all aid. Child care arrangements-informal with family/friend. formal- twenty-four hours attention. creches. nanny etc. -Sport/leisure: holding a dependent means less clip available for leisure activities. As the kid gets older. will take part in ain leisure activities eg. netball. association football. Parents must transport to and from locales. and sometimes watch games. -Other: engagement in church groups. cultural organisations. community groups good for parsnts/carers physical and psychological wellness. In order to do clip for this. task’s must be prioritised. Rights and duties in parenting and lovingness†¢Rights: Parents. carers. kids and dependants all have rights and duties. These guarantee that an persons demands are met in a satisfactory mode. -Parents: have wide rights on their freedom to convey up kids as they wish. As the kid gets older. parents rights bit by bit cut down. Every parent and legal defender has the right to: ?Make determinations sing the day-to-day attention and control of their kids ?Ensure their kid receives instruction ?Control their kids behaviour through sensible application of subject ?Make medical intervention available for kids under the age of 14 ( after that kid has right to seek independent medical intervention ) ?Take legal proceeding on kids behalf ?Consent to their kids acceptanceParents may be charged if they neglect or abuse a kid. kid can be taken? NSW: kids and immature individuals ( attention and protection ) Act 1988. protects the demands and rights of the kid. -Children: have particular Torahs protecting them physically and mentally from the control of grownups. International and national legal rights to protect kids. Australia signed United Nations convention on the rights of a kid ?Right to be protected from favoritism and have best involvements considered. ?Right to life. endurance and development to show their positions to be heard. ?Mutual rights and duties with parents and household ?Right to be protected from safe. trafficking and abduction ?Free from anguish. cruel treatment/punishment ?Protected from work that threatens their wellness. instruction or development- from drugs. sexual development or maltreatment. -Other individuals in attention: have same human rights as other members of Australian society. Besides right to hold their specific demands met. ?Right to self-respect. be portion of a community. gain their development. take their ain life style. take part in determinations that affect their lives. have services. protected from disregard. maltreatment and development. †¢Responsibilities: -Parents and carers: parenting duty involves all responsibilities. powers. authorization which parents have in relation to kids – household jurisprudence reform act 1995. The basic duty of parents/carers is to care for an support their dependants to the best of their ability. The duty of kids merely ceases with a tribunal order. acceptance. when the kid marries or turns 18. ?children have the right to cognize and be cared for by both parents ?may have the right to reach. on a regular footing. with both parents and any other individual of significance to the attention. public assistance and development of the kid ?parents portion the responsibilities and duties refering the attention. public assistance and development of the kid. Parents should hold about the hereafter parenting of the kid. Duty of care- agencies they have moral duty to run into demands of those entrusted to their attention e. g. school instructor needs to describe insecure kid. Puting bounds -so kids understan d their boundaries. based on household values. criterions and should be within the criterions of acceptable behavior in the community. Limits need to be revised and adapted as child gets older. Discipline- refers to steering. instruction and taking by illustration. Best to utilize a steadfast voice. It doesn’t average withholding love. thwacking shouting or enforcing stiff regulations. Harmonizing to jurisprudence. parents have the right to command their kids behaviour through sensible application of subject – must be sensible for Childs age. physical status. Unreasonable force can take to a charge of assault. Childcare workers prohibited from any type of bodily penalty ? crimes act 1990. -Children: should demo affection/courtesy to parents. portion in place undertakings. make best at school. be loyal and honest. discourse issues with the household. portion in household determination devising. †¢Sources of struggle: between parents and carers: can happen from early age-children being speculative may oppugn parents determinations. Parents may necessitate to discourse and explicate concluding behind peculiar actions. Should talk immoderate tone of voice. ra ised can increase struggle. Too many rules/limits may do kid angry – cheering and slap may non work. Between carers and cared: persons being cared for may happen it hard get bying with the fact that they are dependent on person else – may wish to transport out undertakings by themselves that are excessively hard which may do struggle. Person being cared for may non wish the manner the carer does certain things. Support for parents and carersThere are many organizations/support groups available for parents/carers. Many can be found in the telephone directory. libraries. cyberspace. local councils. community wellness Centres. early childhood nurses etc†¦ †¢Health services: offer advice and resources to pull off medical and wellness issues ?Maternity/children’s infirmaries: normally booked before birth. parents must experience at easiness with the staff. ?Tresillian household attention: purposes ‘to promote the wellness and good being of households with babes and immature children’ . Offers 24hr parent aid line. place visits. twenty-four hours remain clinics. exigency attention. child care Centre. postpartum depression clinic. ?Community nurses: look into babe and offer mention stuffs after the birth. ?Karatine: an bureau which provides support. counsel and information to households with troubles. Besides community nurses wellness professionals who offer support to carers. †¢Welfare bureaus: supply resources to helpmeet the demands of parents. carers and households. ?Salvation ground forces: aid peoples without favoritisms and offers practical and religious aid for households through exigency aid. child s ponsorship. reding ?St. Vincent de Paul society: child care Centres and household crisis Centres. inns and nursing places for the aged. women’s and household safeties. attention for people with mental unwellness etc. Others: Anglicare. Mercy Family Life Centre. Centacare. Uniting Care Burnside. †¢Parenting groups: specific groups of parents that offer advice. information and support for all parents. ?Parent-line: free telephone service where trained staff offer advice on kid n stripling behaviors and development and supply information about services for parents and carers. ?Multiple birth association: refers to parents of twins threes etc for information. support and societal contacts. There has been an addition of multiple births due to IVF. ?Aus. Breastfeeding association: support. encouragement and information to female parents who may desire to suckle. Others: lone parents household support service. parents without spouses. male parents for household. equity. relationships Aus. the Foster attention association of NSW. †¢Community groups: association in local countries that offer services for parents and kids to run into their parenting demands. Churches. charities and other religious groups can offer religious and fiscal support to households in demand. sing unwellness or times of trouble. Groups such as universe vision offer instruction support or edifice resources to developing countries-they rely on contributions. Meals on wheels- charity that depends on voluntaries who prepare and deliver repasts to elderly. handicapped etc and are besides a signifier of societal contact. †¢Government bureau: assorted degrees of authorities offer payments. services and advice to the populace. ?Department of community services provides information on household aid. young person. pupil support. child support. people with a disablement. support for carers and the aged. ?Centre nexus: offers range of info and authorities payments including rearing payments. household aid. child support. household revenue enhancement benefits etc. ?Department of industrial dealingss †¢Childcare services: attention whilst parent plants or has other duties ?Pre-schools: formal. center based-offers educational plan before primary school ?Day-care Centre: authorities funded or private. Separate clip or full clip footing. Let parent to work. survey. have a interruption ?Registered carers: ‘family twenty-four hours care’ Others include holiday attention. before and after school attention. occasional attention and nursemaids. †¢Carers support group: specialize in offering advice and support for carers. ?Carers NSW: support and information and referral group for carers offering instruction and preparation and publicity of carer issues. ?Range of reding services: available through authorities. public assistance and private bureaus ?Families/carers supplying info/guidance of issues: they allow people in similar fortunes to portion experiences. feelings. concerns and info. May focal point on a specific disablement or unwellness. ?Respite: signifier a support for carers that enables them to hold a interruption from their lovingness function. Can be offered informally by friends. household. Neighbours or formal reprieve services for a few hours. yearss or while a vacation occurs.

New Enland vs. The Chesapeake Region essays

New Enland vs. The Chesapeake Region essays The New World was a place of interest in the beginning of the 1600s, with families, single men, women all settling in either the Chesapeake region or New England. From the start, the New England and Chesapeake colonies differed, however by the 1700s the colonies two distinctly different societies formed. All the people had the same mother country; however, the purposes for their exodus to the New World were unrelated. Families in New England settled for religious freedom and men in the south seeking for riches and gold. In 1606 the men who petitioned the king to settle in the New World were divided into two companies; The Virginia Company of Plymouth and the Virginia Company of London. The Plymouth Company only lasted one winter but the Virginia Company was able to establish the first successful settlement, Jamestown. The Jamestown community lacked leadership and no government. John Smith quickly took the colony over and kept the settlers from starving. The companys reason for the expedition was to find gold. Smith summarized the thoughts of the gold seekers in Virginia in a short excerpt. The worst [among us were the gold seekers who] with their golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompense. There was no talk...but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold... Since no gold was found, Smith was overthrown by the king. Anarchy took over the colony as people starved and forts fell. On the other hand, when the first settlement in New England was established, from before they even stepped on land, a set of rules was made called the Mayflower Compact. Even though the first colony in Plymouth failed years before, the Separatists that landed in Plymouth had good leadership and were able to overcome the harsh winters even when they had few supplies or knowledge. As in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1636, a list of rules was given to the colonists to keep in order called the Articles of A...

Fire and the Dying Flames of the American Dream Essay

Fire and the Dying Flames of the American Dream - Essay Example The fantastical element within the story occurs without the expected excitement. Bears discover fire, the local news station (the narrator is never sure which one) document footage, but essentially the lives of the characters are utterly unaffected by the seemingly outstanding phenomenon. A reader can interpret this one of two ways. First, that the characters within the story are capable of accepting bears as higher, more evolved beings within their daily life—something vaguely interesting but will soon become too commonplace to worry about. Or, second, that the bears discovering fire signal a much deeper significance within the main story arch: that the bears parallel the narrator’s personal discovery that life has passed him by and he was never able to achieve anything more significant than being adept at changing tires; a remarkable matter when it becomes clear within the first few moments that his skill is a dying art and he is now replaceable by â€Å"stuff called FlatFix†¦$3.95 the can† (Bisson 523) The reader experiences the same encroaching depression, as â€Å"weak [and] flicker† (523) as the flashlight that refuses to light the narrator’s way, as he becomes relevant only within his own life. A pivotal moment in the story occurs when the narrator is sitting across the fire from a group of bears and he is impacted by a revelation about the nature of the human-like creatures. Though they have come together in a social group to utilize the benefits of fire, only a few bears seem to have the ability to control it â€Å"and were carrying the others along† (529). He reflects that â€Å"isn’t that how it is with everything?† (529). The narrator’s revelation is entirely unresolved, but the author was, perhaps, leading a reader to their own conclusions about how people work within social groups. A few people have the skill to make fire, cook meals, make repairs, etc, while others are being carr ied along because they do not possess said skill. Yet, the group still functions. The narrator is at once struck by the beauty of the fire, the â€Å"little dramas were being played out as fiery chambers were created and then destroyed in a crashing of sparks† (529). This moment, as miniscule as it may seem to the reader, serves to highlight the deeper theme of how the American Dream has been lost for the narrator. Life is full of â€Å"fiery chambers† that dance and envelope a person still capable of maintaining the passion to reach for their dream. But as with many who have held a dream and let it go (for reasons of life, love, or accident), that dream is â€Å"destroyed† exactly like the blazing cherubs of hope within the pit of fire. Outside his own imagination, he looks across the fiery circle â€Å"at the bears and wondered what they saw. Some had their eyes closed. Though they were gathered together, their spirits still seemed solitary, as if each bear w as sitting alone in front of its own fire† (529). Struck by the solitary nature of the animals, he has found that though they work together as a group for the benefit of their survival, they are entirely independent from the group as a whole. Essentially, they are still in a form of hibernation, separated from the whole by their own

Assisted Suicide - Ramon Sampedro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assisted Suicide - Ramon Sampedro - Essay Example He jumped into the sea and struck his head on the bottom of the sea, making him paralyzed. Ramona Maneiro was involved in the last step of the process of assisted suicide that led to the death of Ramon Sampedro. It is evident that Maneiro had a role and ethical right to facilitate Sampedro’s assisted suicide. In as much as the concept of assisted suicide presents several challenges, it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of adhering to the needs of the victims while adhering to the tenets of the law. Maneiro acted based on love by agreeing to participate in assisted suicide. She noted 7 years later that she acted based on love. Maneiro had a relationship with Sampedro that lasted for many years. After living a bedridden life, Sampedro began struggling for his right to end his life. The only person who could understand his situation and challenges was Maneiro. It is essential to note that Sampedro could not commit suicide by himself because of his quadriplegic condition (M anning 21). Maneiro acted by following the utilitarian and Kantianism principles. The principles of utilitarianism dictate that human actions should lead to happiness (Manning 41). By assisting Sampedro in committing suicide, Maneiro was accomplishing her obligations of ensuring that her fellow human was relieved of pain and suffering that he was experiencing. For 29 years, Sampedro lived a life of suffering following his paralysis. He had to depend on other people for basic human activities and needs. He lived a bedridden life afflicted with an excruciatingly painful and terminal condition that left him permanently incapable of living a dignified human life. In order to assist Sampedro in committing suicide, Maneiro was accomplishing her obligations under utilitarianism. Sampedro looked forward to a life of satisfaction and minimum suffering. However, his quadriplegic state could not let him live such a life. Having lived with Sampedro for many years, Maneiro understood his situati on and experiences. Additionally, Sampedro mercifully begged for an end to his painful life. Maneiro could not turn down these pleas given the fact that she knew him and understood his suffering. It would have been cruel and inhumane for Maneiro to turn down such pleas from a suffering man. According to the requirements for compassion, an individual should cooperate and comply with the pleas of a suffering person. Additionally, Sampedro has moral rights to ask for an end of his life. Additionally, Maneiro has the moral right of helping somebody overcome the suffering in his life. The two individuals have a right to choose freely and not inflict harm in each other’s life. Sampedro indicated expressly that he wanted an end to his life. The right of free choices included the right to end one’s life when necessary. Additionally, a person needs to opt to end his life (Manning 17). In my opinion, Maneiro chose to respect the wishes of Sampedro to end his life. Opponents of t he actions taken by Maneiro argue that the society has a right to protect the life of anybody. This means that Maneiro failed to protect the life of Sampedro. Additionally, they state that Maniero should have played a role in preserving the life of Sampedro. Therefore, assisting Sampedro in committing suicide violates the fundamental roles and duties of respecting and preserving life.  This means that a society committed to protect and preserve life should not destroy it (Manning 21).     Ã‚  

Education in International Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Education in International Development - Essay Example till, it has been noted that the problem is not inherently linked to the political process and could be linked to disconnect between the citizens’ needs and the country’s policies. Gewald et al (2012: p29) emphasize the critical link between political participation and education, especially noting that education is essential to the social, economic, and political development of Zambia. Zambia’s Ministry of Education has since the early 90s been determined enhance access and quality of education in accordance to the societies needs (Sardanis, 2014: p21). This paper will seek to discuss the effects of underdevelopment on the provision of education in Zambia, while also evaluating the impact of policies, practices, and projects on schooling in Zambia. First, an overview of Zambia’s current economic development and political situation will be given. Zambia’s economy is heavily reliant on the mining industry, specifically copper mining. However, the costs of production continues to rise as copper reserves are depleted, while income is unstable due to copper prices on the world market, which has been identified as a reason why Zambia should diversify its economic base (Baldini & IMF, 2012: p35). The agricultural industry is poorly developed, while major investments both public and foreign in the manufacturing industry only took place following the country’s independence from Britain. Involvement of the state in almost every economic aspect has led to a highly bureaucratic and centralized economic structure. In real terms, economic growth in 2013 in Zambia declined by 6.5%, particularly because of a fall in output of cotton and maize that makes up most of the country’s economic output (Baldini & IMF, 2012: p35). Largely, real GDP growth is driven by the public, transportation, construction, communications, min ing, and manufacturing sector. Copper contributes to at least 70% of Zambia’s export earnings, although non-traditional exports like agriculture

Peer Pressure Leads To Guilt And Destruction

Peer Pressure Leads To Guilt And Destruction Macbeth, written by Shakespeare, is a tragedy that showed the consequences of Macbeths guilt from the peer pressure of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth questioned Macbeths manliness several times throughout the story. Macbeth wanted to prove that he was a stronger person. Even though Macbeth proved his manliness, he regretted his decision. Macbeths decision to kill Duncan was based off of peer pressure from Lady Macbeth. The character Macbeth had been told by the three weird sisters that he was going to be the Thane of Cawdor and king of Scotland. In order for Macbeth to take the throne, he had to kill King Duncan. Macbeth never asked the question, Do I really have to kill Duncan in order to become king? Instead, Macbeth was pressured into his decision by his wife, Lady Macbeth. From Macbeths decision some ask the question, Was Macbeth really pressured by Lady Macbeth? Another question often brought up is, Why did Macbeth make the decision to kill Duncan? I believe the main reason for the murder of Duncan was from the peer pressure of Lady Macbeth. Macbeth had just returned from stopping two invading armies, but that did not stop him from wanting more power. Macbeth was ambitious but lacked he lacked the effort to make it happen (Snodgrass 37). He often thought about the consequences that would happen if he were to proceed in killing Duncan. Macbeth also thought about the things Duncan had done for him when he served him as king. He decided he could not bring himself to kill Duncan, but he wanted more success. On the other hand Lady Macbeth was far more ambitious than her husband. Lady Macbeth was described as very ambitious, burning in unquenchable desire to have the name of queen (Quennell 133). After Lady Macbeth read the letter her husband wrote her she said, Hurry home so I can twist your thinking with my sharp words toward the obstacles that stand in the way of your crowning, a rise to greatness that destiny and the witches have promised (I.V.24-29). She had a plan up her sleeve to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth did not see an ything wrong with killing Duncan; she only saw a way to gain more power. Lady Macbeth called upon evil spirits to get her in the right mind-set to pressure Macbeth. She said, Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe, top full of direst cruelty (I.V.38-41). Come to my womans breasts, and take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers, wherever in your sightless substance you wait on natures mischief (I.V.45-46). Come thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of dark (I.V.48-51). First Lady Macbeth said, Unsex me here, to prove that she would be willing to become the opposite sex. Lady Macbeth practically wished at this point that she was not a woman anymore, so she could kill Duncan. Then she called upon the evil spirits to replace her breast milk with bitterness. Lastly, she asked for the night to be covered with fog so she would not be able to see the wound of Duncan. This showed how much she was willing to kill King Duncan. Macbeth told his wife Duncan will be staying with us but he will leave the next morning. Lady Macbeth said, O! Never shall sun that morrow see/ your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters (I.V.58-61). She told Macbeth, Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent undert (I.V.63-64). She then said, Leave all the rest to me (I.V.71). Lady Macbeth meant go and treat Duncan like royalty and keep your murderous intent hidden. Lady Macbeth then planned out the plot to kill Duncan. That greatly showed her ambition and hunger for power. Macbeth contemplated if he should kill King Duncan. Macbeth had thought of several reasons why he should not and did not want to kill Duncan. First, Duncan was king over him. Second, Macbeth was his protector and host because he was staying at Macbeths house, and he should not harm him. Lastly, King Duncan had been a good and kind ruler, so Macbeth felt he should never hurt him. Macbeth brought to his wifes attention that he did not want to go through with the plan to kill King Duncan. He said, We will proceed no further in this business; he hath honourd me of late; and I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people, which would be worn now in their newest gloss, not cast aside so soon (I.VII.31-34). That should have been the end, but Lady Macbeth would not take no for an answer. Lady Macbeth urged Macbeth to kill Duncan, which eventually led to his downfall. She did not only question his decision, but she questioned his manliness. Men never like to feel weaker than women. Macbeths wife said, When you durst do it when you were a man; and, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man (I.VII.49-51). Lady Macbeth meant if you murder Duncan and do what you plan, then you will be a real man. Lady Macbeth showed she could be masculine when she said, I have given suck and know how tender tis to love the babe that milks me; I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, and dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done (I.VII.54-59). Lady Macbeth expressed a very powerful statement when she said she would be able to kill her own child. Lady Macbeths words were a great challenge for Macbeth. Macbeth said, Bring forth men-children only for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males (I.VII.7 2-74). Macbeth meant you have such a hardened heart that you should only bear male babies (Snodgrass 51). Lady Macbeth felt he was too compassionate to kill Duncan in order to claim the throne. He would rather take the throne fairly (Snodgrass 37). Questioning Macbeths manliness pressured him into killing King Duncan. Lady Macbeth gave the excuse that she could not kill Duncan because he looked too much like her father. She said, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done it (II.II.12-13). She was giving an excuse for why she did not want to kill Duncan. This showed she lost strength when she saw Duncan sleeping, for he reminded her of her father. It showed she became weak inside and pressured Macbeth instead. Lady Macbeth tried to sound tough when she said, Unsex me here, but became weak when she saw him sleeping. Macbeth was afraid that the plan will fail, and the people will find out that he murdered Duncan. She told Macbeth, Screw your courage to the sticking-place, and we will not fail (I.VII.60-61). Lady Macbeth said, If we pretend to grieve for the king no one will challenge us (I.VII.77-79). He finally decided he wanted to prove to Lady Macbeth that he was a real man. Macbeth went through with the decision and murdered Duncan. She said, Smear the faces with blood. Macbeth refused, Mocking his weakness, she takes the daggers and performs the task herself (Rozakis 240). Lady Macbeth put blood on Duncans guards and laid the daggers next to them. She left the people thinking it was Duncans guards who planned the murder of their king. The Bible gave us many good examples of how we need to submit ourselves to our husbands. God gave a command that said, Wives submit to your husband as is fitting in the Lord (NIV Colossians 3:18). Lady Macbeth should have let Macbeth make the decision based off of what he was right and what he felt was the right decision. She was only thinking of herself and what she got from the situation. She knew she wanted to have the title of becoming queen and did not think of the consequences that could come from the situation. I Corinthians 11:3 stated, The husband is to assume leadership in the home. The husband and wife should both show love and respect towards each other, but he should have told Lady Macbeth I will do what is best for us. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth experienced guilt and regret after the murder of King Duncan. Macbeth experienced regret because he had to hire murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance to cover up the slaughter of Duncan (Rozakis 240). Macbeth began to feel insanity from the whole situation. Lady Macbeth was affected from the situation when she began to sleep walk. As Lady Macbeth was sleep walking, she began rubbing her hands. She rubbed her hands trying to get the blood off of them (Quennell 134). She kept thinking that her hands were bloody from when she smeared the blood on the faces of Duncans guards. This drove her into insanity, which eventually led her to commit suicide. The story of Macbeth was a good example that showed the effect of peer pressure. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in America among teens. Peer pressure has not only led to suicide, but also drug overdoses, fatal car accidents, violent crime, and unwanted pregnancy (Unknown Author). Teens, who have been pressured by their friends, sometimes turn to suicide as a way out (Unknown Author). Lady Macbeth only thought about fame and power and did not think about the consequences of her actions. She pressured Macbeth, which led to Duncans murder. She did not only think about how this decision could affect her. She felt guilty, which led to her insanity. One action led to not only the murder of Duncan, but the murder of herself.

Finance Chapter 3

PROBLEM:01 The formula which breaks down the return on equity into three component parts is referred to as DuPont formula. PROBLEM:02 The Purple Martin has annual sales of $687,400, total debt of $210,000, total equity of $365,000, and a profit margin of 4. 80 percent. What is the return on assets? ROA = net income / total assets ROA = (687400 * 4. 80) / (210000 + 365000) ROA = 5. 74 PROBLEM:03 The Meat Market has $747,000 in sales. The profit margin is 4. 1 percent and the firm has 7,500 shares of stock outstanding. The market price per share is $22. What is the price-earnings ratio?P/E = market value per share / earnings per share P/E = 22 / (747000 * 4. 1 / 7500) P/E = . 0539 PROBLEM:04 Beach Wear has current liabilities of $350,000, a quick ratio of 1. 65, inventory turnover of 3. 2, and a current ratio of 2. 9. What is the cost of goods sold? CA = current ratio * current liablities CA = 2. 9 * 350000 CA = 1015000 QR = (CA – Inventory) / CL 1. 65 = (1015000 – Invent ory) / 350000 Inventory = 437500 Cost of goods sold = IT * T Cost of goods sold = 3. 2 * 4375000 Cost of goods sold = 1400000 PROBLEM:05 Study the comparative balance sheets for Kyprianides Inc. nd Pecchia Company in the year 2011. Notice that both companies have the same amount of assets. However, there are some differences in the way the two companies finance those assets. Fill in the spaces on the balance sheets and then answer the following questions. Kyprianides Inc. Pecchia Co. Current Assets Cash and equivalents200300 Accounts Receivable1,1002,400 Inventory 4,6002,000 Total Current Assets 4,9004,700 Property, Plant and Equipment10,00011,200 Total Assets 15,90015,900 Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 3,0003,200 Current portion of LT debt200400Total Current Liabilities 3,2003,600 Notes payable 2,0007,000 Total Liabilities 5,20010,600 Common Stock6,0002,000 Additional Paid-in Capital 1,0001,000 Retained Earnings 3,7002,300 Total Stockholders’ Equity10,7005,900 Total Li ab & SE15,90015,900 Using the financial data from the balance sheets above, fill in the following chart for both Kyprianides Inc. and Pecchia Co. RatioKyprianides Inc. Pecchia Co. Current Ratio4,900 / 3,200= 1. 534,700 / 3,600= 1. 31 Quick Ratio(4,900 – 4,600) / 3,200= . 094(4,700 – 2,000) / 3,600= . 750 Debt Ratio5,200 / 15,900= . 32710,600 / 15,900= . 667

Strategic Mangement(Krispy Kreme)

P r o j e c t o f Strategic Management Case Study Krispy Kreme Doughnut HAILEY COLLEGE OF COMMERCE UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB We are thankful to ALLAH (all mighty) for guiding us and giving us power and courage. Project submitted: Sir Ishfaq Ahmed This project is based on our course of S. M. We have tried to utilize our knowledge about the subject which was taught by our professor. S. M is a vast field and it was a bit difficult for us to cover it all at our learning phase. We have applied many concepts of S.M to the case study We are very much thankful to our Sir Ishfaq Ahmedfor teaching us this important subject with all dedication and interest. It was very necessary for us to understand the real concepts of S. M. for our future practical working life. Project prepared by: Bilal Raja 792 Krispy Kreme Doughnut History and Growth The founder, Vernon Rudolph, worked for his uncle, Ishmael Armstrong, who purchased a secret recipe for yeast-raised doughnuts and a shop on Broad Street in P aducah, Kentucky, from Joseph LeBeouf of Lake Charles, Louisiana. Rudolph began selling the yeast doughnuts in Paducah and delivered them on his bicycle.The operation was moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and other family members joined to meet the customer demand. The first store in the nation with the Krispy-Kreme name opened on Charlotte Pike in 1933. Rudolph sold his interest in the Nashville store and in 1938 opened a doughnut shop in Winston-Salem, and began selling to groceries and then directly to individual customers. The first store in North Carolina was located in a rented building on South Main Street in Winston-Salem in what is now called historic Old Salem. The Krispy Kreme logo was designed by Benny Dinkins, a local architect.By the 1960s, Krispy Kreme was known throughout the southeastern United States, and it began to expand into other areas. In 1976, Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation became a wholly owned subsidiary of Beatrice Foods of Chicago, Illinois. The headquar ters for Krispy Kreme remained in Winston-Salem. In 2003, a pilot project in Mountain View, California, to sell doughnuts through car windows and sunroofs at a busy intersection (with wireless payment) failed. On February 19, 2007, Krispy Kreme began selling the Whole Wheat Glazed doughnut in an attempt to appeal to the health conscious.The doughnut has twenty Calories fewer than the original glazed (180 vs. 200) and contains more fiber (2 grams vs. 0. 5 grams). As of January 2008, the trans-fat content of all Krispy Kreme doughnuts was reduced to 0. 5 of a gram or less. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration, in its guidelines, allow companies to round down to 0 g in its nutrition facts label even if the food contains as much as 0. 5 of a gram per serving. Krispy Kreme benefited from this regulatory loophole in its subsequent advertising campaign, touting its doughnuts as â€Å"trans- fat free† and having â€Å"0 grams trans-fat! Krispy Kreme began another phase of rapid ex pansion in the 1990s, opening stores outside the southeastern United States where most of their stores were located. Then, in December 2001, Krispy Kreme opened its first store outside the U. S. in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, just outside Toronto. Since 2004, Krispy Kreme has rapidly expanded its international operations. On April 5, 2000, the corporation went public on the NASDAQ using the ticker symbol KREM. On May 17, 2001, Krispy Kreme switched to the New York Stock Exchange, with the ticker symbol KKD, which is its current symbol.On January 18, 2005, Krispy Kreme announced Stephen Cooper, chairman of financial consulting group Kroll Zolfo Cooper LLC, as interim CEO. Cooper replaces Scott Livengood, who the company said has retired as chairman, president, CEO and a director. The company also named Steven Panagos, a managing director of Kroll Zolfo, as president and COO. Although based on informal advertising such as word-of-mouth, in 2006, Krispy Kreme moved into television an d radio advertisements, beginning with its â€Å"Share the Love† campaign with heart-shaped doughnuts. Vision and ValuesOur Vision †¢ To be the global leader in doughnuts and complementary products, while creating magic moments worldwide. Our Values (with acknowledgement to Founder, Vernon Rudolph) we believe†¦ †¢ Consumers are our lifeblood, the center of the doughnut †¢ There is no substitute for quality in our service to consumers †¢ Impeccable presentation is critical wherever Krispy Kreme is sold †¢ We must produce a collaborative team effort that is unexcelled †¢ We must cast the best possible image in all that we do †¢ We must never settle for â€Å"second best†; we deliver on our commitments We must coach our team to ever-better resultsMission statement We create the tastes for good times and warm memories for everyone, everywhere. With our Original Glazed doughnut as our signature and standard, we will continually improv e our customer's experience through: †¢ Innovative ideas †¢ Highest quality, and †¢ Caring service Financial/ business performance Environmental analysis Internal factors Strong brand recognition and recall Wide appeal of signature glazed doughnuts Vertical integration Development in international markets Strong channel of distribution Quality of product Expanded assortment of offerings at KKD stores including beverages Doughnut machine technology.Perishability of product Limited product line (heavy reliance on doughnut sales) Overextended (i. e. , Montana Mills acquisition) Lack of locations in some areas Pricing in some locations External factors Increasing popularity of coffee shops and bakery cafes Popularity of American foods and fashion in overseas markets Growth in two-income households Americans continue to experience time-starvation Entertaining opportunities moving from home to work environment Technological advancements (i. e. paperless ordering, predictive modeling software, hand held computers for delivery drivers) Channel expansion possibilities (i. e. , Internet pre-ordering) Competitors like Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks Low-carb trend in eating preferences All-natural, organic, healthy eating trends Cultural differences in breakfast and snack foods Increase in eating at full-service restaurants combined with a decrease in the use of fast-food restaurants S. W. O. T analysis Strengths 1. Affordable, high-quality doughnuts with strong visual appeal and â€Å"one-of-a-kind† taste 2.Neon â€Å"Hot Doughnuts Now† sign encourages people outside the store to make an impulse purchase 3. Market research shows appeal extends to all major demographic groups including age and income 4. â€Å"Hot shop† stores save money while keeping KKD customer experience intact 5. Vertical integration helps ensure high quality product 6. Consistent expansion; now in 16 countries 7. Product sold at thousands of supermarkets, convenience stores, and retail outlets through U. S. Weaknesses 1. Return on equity, assets, and investments all negative in the trailing twelve months; skill of mgmt. s questionable 2. Shareholders have not received dividends recently, and are not expected to in near future; stock price in state of flux 3. Closing stores when stores should be opening globally at steady rate to keep up with competitors' growth 4. Management states in recent 10-K that it is struggling with how to make stores profitable 5. Product line slow to expand with nothing Threats 1. Dunkin' Donuts presently dominates the doughnut market, particularly in northeastern U. S. 2. People are becoming more healthconscious, which does not bode well for highsugar, high-fat treats 3.Starbucks has approximately 25 times the amount of stores worldwide that Krispy Kreme Donut has 4. Restricted cash flow from banks and massive layoffs have stifled the world economy, decreasing discretionary income 5. Europeans prefer their local brands of Opportunities 1. Families crave convenience because of busy lifestyles 2. Asians love sweets and are open to trying foreign foods 3. Starbucks lacks a diversified and distinctive pastry line 4. Dunkin' Donuts does not have hot doughnuts to sell 5. Many children love sweet treats 6. Tim Horton has yet to expand beyond the U. S. nd Canada, and its product line does not appear to be competitive 7. South America, Africa, and Southern Asia are markets to conquer outside â€Å"sweet treats† to draw in healthconscious customers 6. Advertising not aggressive enough to appeal to areas outside southeast of U. S. where most stores are 7. Revenues down, net losses in each of past three years 8. Per 10-K, continued disputes with franchisees could hurt future business doughnuts 6. Britons tend not to have cars, which inhibits drive-thru customers, and their eating habits and office etiquette differ from Americans 7.Shareholders may sell KKD stock for lack of returns and dividends compa red to other similar firms in the industry SO Strategies 1. TV, radio, and print ads demonstrating 27 varieties of doughnuts against non-descript pastry offerings by Starbucks (S3, O3) 2. All store signs in supermarkets and conveniences where product is sold have picture of young child eating a Krispy Kreme doughnut (S7, O5) 3. Continued grand openings of stores in highly-populated cities such as Sao Paulo, Brazil & Johannesburg, South Africa (S6, O7) ST Strategies 1.Compare â€Å"hot† doughnut appeal of Krispy Kreme Donut to cold doughnuts of Dunkin' Donuts in TV and Internet ads (S1,T1) 2. Do â€Å"roadshow† across Europe as means of advertising, driving truck and mobile â€Å"hot shop† to major European cities and filming their reactions for European ads (S2, S4, T5, T6) 3. Express strengths and outline concrete strategies in clear format within 10-K in order to restore shareholder confidence in future of Krispy Kreme Donut (S1-S7, T7) WT Strategies 1. Expand product line with low-calorie foods (W5, T7) 2. Recruit top executive talent from other WO Strategies 1.Make doughnuts filled with fruit, put fruit cups on menu, and develop wide variety of fresh fruit smoothies; offer ways to incorporate nuts and protein into foods (W5, O3) 2. Aggressive Internet ads demonstrating the appeal of Krispy Kreme Donut hot doughnuts (W6, O4) 3. Open small but profitable â€Å"hot shops† in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia in order to expand globally (W3,O7) fast-food firms (W1, T7) 3. Survey franchisees to discover ways to repair business relationships and retain growth of franchise model; study McDonald's model for tips (W8, T1, T3) I. F. E E. F. E C. P. M Space matrix Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG)Krispy Kreme Donuts has three business segments, and they are presented here along with their annual revenues per Form 10-K filed on April 17, 2009: Company Stores ($266M), Franchise ($26M) and Krispy Kreme Supply Chain ($93M), with app roximately $384M in total revenues for the year ending February 1, 2009. This means that each business segment represented the following percentage in revenues: Company Stores (69. 2%), Franchise (6. 7%), and Krispy Kreme Supply Chain (24. 1%). Profits for each business segment are as follows: Company Stores ($-2M); Franchise ($18M); and KK Supply Chain ($25M), for a total of $41M in profits.Therefore, Company Stores has 0% of the profits; Franchise has about 41%; and Krispy Kreme Supply Chain has about 59%. We’ll assume that Company Stores has 3% of the market share and a -13% growth rate; Franchise has 3% of the market share and a 10% growth rate; and Krispy Kreme Supply Chain has 3% of the market share and -7% growth rate. Grand Strategy (GS) Matrix Recommendations 1- Reduce operating expenses (down-size individual stores) Lower Costs of Doing Business †¢ reduce operating costs per individual store by changing average size of stores from 2500-4500 sq. t. range to 1500 2000 sq ft. Potential for 30 – 50 % decrease in operating cost on a cost per square foot basis. I. Change entire manufacturing and distribution strategy – Implement par baked manufacturing operation †¢ to allow individual stores to decrease in size, thus lowering per store operating costs to a more appropriate level for sales volume †¢ Increased efficiency – smaller workforce per store, par-bake allows for minimal waste – inventory as needed (important b/c fresh goods – low shelf life †¢ Par bake will allow for â€Å"hot doughnuts now† all of the time. Implications of transition to par bake operation †¢ New Plant Equipment – freezers, production equipment, freezer trucks for distribution/delivery. †¢ Store Equipment – freezers, oven for various par baked goods, fryers for doughnuts. †¢ R&D for unique par bake operation, doughnuts still to be fried and glazed on site. II. Sale of Plant and Equipment -sell Effingham plant †¢ Potential buyers are large scale baked-goods manufacturers †¢ Sara Lee Corporation †¢ Entenmann’s (George Weston Bakeries Distribution) †¢ Harlan Bakeries, Inc. Estimated value of 10. 5 – 12 million. III. Remove â€Å"doughnut theater† from 95% of locations, doughnut theater can be part of a select few Flagship locations only. (3 – 5 Stores) 2- Develop stronger relations and control of franchisees I. Short-term period of one year – postpone new franchise agreements/new store openings II. Implement Franchise Support Systems †¢ Communication – between corporate and franchisees †¢ Support – training, advertising †¢ Utilize recommendation #1 in order to lower operating expenses for franchisees. – Implement Marketing Strategies I. Advertising – national television and radio advertising campaign based on â€Å"hot doughnuts now†. II. Marketing research  œ periodic research to stay abreast of trends. III. R&D – product development 4- Strengthen Competitive Advantage †¢ Strengthen Competitive Advantage through differentiation in products and services. I. Continue to utilize â€Å"hot doughnuts now† II. Expand product line †¢ Account with A&S â€Å"New York† Bagels (par-baked). Par baked will allow for â€Å"Hot Bagels Now†.