Essay --

There are several interactions that happen between species. They include contention, mutualism, predation, parasitism, and disease. Each one of these can affect organisms both in a positive or negative way. These are all important for organisms to evolve and become the best fit of their species. Without these interactions species would never change and would develop out very easily when faced with tough environments.Competition is always over the supply of a limited resource. There are two types of arguing intraspecific and interspecific. Intraspecific is competition between the same species. This is usually beneficial to the species as a whole because it results in the best fit organism. Interspecific is competition between different species and is known to be detrimental to both species. There are three principles that apply to competition. Competition exclusion principle is when two species bide together and occupy the same receding and eventually one species will out compe te the other and replace it in that environment. The second principle is niche overlap which means that when two species live together over a large area one species will replace the other in case of that area. The last principle, character displacement, is when two species live together and initially occupy the same niche they may evolve to become different over cadence in order to avoid competition. When more than one species occupy the same niche and are very similar it is common for one of them to become change in that area. For example if two birds are eating the same food one may develop a different beak over cadence in order to hunt for a different food. Mutualism is another important species interaction. Mutualism is a relationship that is benefi... ... but similar areas. They put somewhat in isolation and some went into a miscellany of other species. It was discovered that the species in the mixture evolved more diversely than those that were in isolation. They also discovered that the mixture of species changed the way they used resources. This showed that the species that evolved together were more productive than the species in isolation. The final conclusion was that species interactions can have a major effect on evolutionary dynamics, which can in turn influence ecosystems functioning (Timothy G Barraclough). I found the academic journals to be the most helpful. They provided a lot of information. Academic journals are the most reliable source when writing a paper because they are peer reviewed and are accurate in a specified field. All my articles express the same information so there were no inconsistences.

Knowledge Is Power & Words Are Strong :: Teaching Teachers Education Essays

Knowledge Is Power & Words Are StrongIt was the end of my junior year of high school, when the excitement of summer vanished in two seconds. All my life I have always been placed in advanced classes, until my senior year. My junior year, my English teacher took me in the h all during one of our classes. Those few seconds in the hallway echo in my brain almost everyday. Without hesitation, she began saying, Shafali, I think it would be best if you did not contribute A.P. English next year. I dont think you will make it in the class. Feeling sick to my stomach, I returned to my seat. My self-confidence in myself was pearlescent down. Words are strong they can be used for good as well as bad. Teachers are more than teachers. They have the power to advertise and fulfill dreams, however they also have the power to discourage and crush dreams. I have this wonderful dream to be able to see all the uniqueness and possibilities in all children. As a teacher if I am ever placed in a simila r situation as above, I hope to encourage the students strengths and help improve on the students weaknesses. I will approach teaching as an adventure and not a chore. In my class, the students will not be the only ones learning. I will be learning as much as the students.I have a BA in Communication Arts, seeking a BS in Education with a distinctiveness in English 5-9 and Oral Communications 9-Adult. The combination of these two degrees will enable me to take a creative approach to motivate and teach my students. I believe each student is a great student some students just do not know how to communicate their knowledge. People communicate 85% of the day to accomplish a task, yet the education system does not encourage communication classes. Oral communications will be an essential atom in my classes, whether it is role playing or giving a speech. Peoples number one fear is public speaking. If I can mother students to overcome this fear, their self-confidence will enable them to accomplish anything.To accomplish my goal of having a motivating and creative class, I will encourage a component of cooperative learning. In groups, students are able to motivate each other and collect a variety of ideas. I have always received confirmative feedback on group projects.My experience in school when studying for a test is ending up with an entire book highlighted from beginning to end.

Cultural Competency in the Workplace Essay -- Managing Racial Diversity

Todays management in the workforce is composed of all types of people verses thirty old age ago when white males held a majority of upper-management positions in companies. These positions are now held by a mixture of ethnic back grounds and women who hold estimable as many if not more management positions then men. Just by looking at the changes in management demographics shows how important it is for people to regard cultural competency in the workplace. Dr. Roosevelt Thomas Jr. (1999) stated, Diversity is the collective mixture of whomever we have in our workforce characterized by their differences and similarities (p.11). Managers and supervisors must understand the characteristics of a diverseness full-blown individual they also need to be able to articulate the differences between affirmative action, managing diversity, collar and valuing diversity to build skills that transforms awareness into generative and supportive workplace behaviors. There are many different charac teristics of a diversity mature individual. The most important characteristic is when a person accepts diversity management responsibility. The person will need to understand the different types of ethnic backgrounds in the scheme, and the different types of techniques he or she will have to use to stir up the staff. He or she will also understand how to treat everyone equal no matter what gender, or ethnic background the employee may be. Diversity mature individuals must demonstrate contextual knowledge. This knowledge is showed by understanding his or her personal objectives. The individual must know what he or she plans to accomplish out front working with others to help develop their personal goals. Also by knowing the organizational objectives, the individual can develop a team to strive towards the tail end line of the organizational goals. Finally, the individual must be able to provide conceptual clarity to the team. This clarity will help the team understand how and wh erefore these ideas were created. The one thing a manager does not want is for the team to think everything is just busy work and not for a specific purpose. early(a) characteristics of a diversity mature individual include a person who challenges conventional wisdom, and engages in continuous learning. When a person challe... ...tes is known as the break up pot of the world. This country is the home of many different cultures from many different areas. Cultural competency in the workplace is an issue that everyone needs to understand. By understanding the characteristics of a diversity mature individual, employees can focus on developing themselves to hold a management position in the future, and be able to subsume to other cultures in the organization. Companies continue educate their staff on affirmative action, and what it takes to manage a diverse group. These companies want to supportive workplace behaviors in the organization to help achieve the bottom line, increase stoc kholder value. ReferencesCox, T., & Beale, R. (1997). Developing Competency to Manage Diversity. San FranciscoCA Berrett-Koehler Publisher Inc.Martin, C., & Tulgan, B. (2002). Managing the Generation Mix. Amherst, MA HRD Press.Subramaniam, R. (2005). Diversity at Workplace. The brain Online,. RetrievedMarch 15, 2005, from http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story/asp.Thomas, R., & Woodruff, M. (1999). Building a House of Diversity. New York, NYAmacom.

Free Hamlet Essays: The Great Actor in Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

The Great Actor in critical point       juncture is sane, not insane.  He is putting on an act ma faggot people suppose that he is unfeignedly insane when he is really just acting.  Hamlet was ordered to avenge his bewilders death by his fathers eye.  The spirit told Hamlet that how he died.  The spirit said that he was sleepong in his garden when the uncle came and poured poison into his ear.  The spirit told Hamlet to avenge his death by killing his uncle.   Hamlet wanted to prove that his uncle really killed his father.  His uncle married his mother shortly after the murder of Hamlets father.  I ring Hamlet is crying inside beacuse he suspects what really happened.   People think Hamlet is insane but he is really only acting.  After Hamlet has spoken to the ghost, and Horatio and Marcellus find him, emotionally disturbed he says, As I mayhap hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on.. . to note that you know aught of me--this do swear.  (Act 1, scene 5, line 191-192, 201)  This means if I (Hamlet) act crazy in the future, dont take it seriously, I am just acting.  Hamlet acting crazy will help him prove that his uncle indeed killed his father.               Hamlet wanted to know if what his fathers spirit told him about his uncle killing his father was true, so he got the best actors he could find and reenacted what he though the death of his father was like, to see what his uncles reaction would be.  When he saw his uncle storm out of the room he knew it was true.  If he were insane he could not have thought of much(prenominal) a good plan to catch the conscience of the King (Act 2, scene 2, line 634).   Hamlet wanted the king to think he was insane.  The king did think Hamlet was insane.  The King talking to Rosencranz and Guildenstern says, something have you heard of Hamle ts transformation, so call it, sith nor thexterior nor the inward man resembles that it was.  (Act 2, scene 2, lines 4-7).  Hamlet wanted the king to think he was insane because he didnt want the king to interfere with his plan to find out if he really killed his father.  He acted insane because he knew if he did the king would stay out of his way and he would have time to put his plan into operation.

Organisational Behaviour Essay -- Business Management

The study of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the demeanor of groups and individuals within them Derek Pughs (1971) This influential definition of organisational deportment was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human demeanour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, each individual is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to study mankind behaviour in order to understand the workforce. By observing and understanding each individual the organisation would improve performance organisational behaviour mickle be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and emotions. By doing so they are able to determine whether penury is existent and if so, is it successful. How individuals work in groups and teams is important for unity within organisations therefore it is crucial to know how people communicate amongst th eir group/teams and how well is the outcome when they do. Employees layabout become stressed which would affect them a great deal because an employee stressed would not be able to work to his/her potential. However this would be the least of the organisations headache because stress affects an employees psychological well-being a great deal, this is dire for both the organisation and the individual. We know how these factors fit into the reason behind studying organisational behaviour however its relevance in todays organisations is still a question, Im going to discuss two of the factors in more full point and relate to whether they are relevant or not in todays organisations. Personality Human Behaviour in an organisation needs to ... ...line Etymology Dictionary. line of descent location Douglas Harper, Historian. http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/ demand. Available http//dictionary.reference.com. Accessed December 08, 2010.http//tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_the ory_introduction.asphttp//vintechnology.com/journal/?p=47http//www.mmdnewswire.com/sham-dayal-pmp-13943.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PvwwrWnX5IC&printsec=frontcoverv=onepage&q=motivation&f= anomalous (book reference) pg 249, 2000http//www.accel-team.com/ gentle_relations/hrels_05_herzberg.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Herzberghttp//www.accel-team.com/maslow_/maslow_nds_02.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//www.love2reward.co.uk/rewards/info-centre/motivation.jsp Organisational Behaviour Essay -- Business ManagementThe study of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the behaviour of groups and individuals within them Derek Pughs (1971) This influential definition of organisational behaviour was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human behaviour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, eac h individual is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to study human behaviour in order to understand the workforce. By observing and understanding each individual the organisation would improve performance organisational behaviour can be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and emotions. By doing so they are able to determine whether motivation is existent and if so, is it successful. How individuals work in groups and teams is important for unity within organisations therefore it is crucial to know how people communicate amongst their group/teams and how well is the outcome when they do. Employees can become stressed which would affect them a great deal because an employee stressed would not be able to work to his/her potential. However this would be the least of the organisations agitate because stress affects an employees psychological well-bein g a great deal, this is dire for both the organisation and the individual. We know how these factors fit into the reason behind studying organisational behaviour however its relevance in todays organisations is still a question, Im going to discuss two of the factors in more peak and relate to whether they are relevant or not in todays organisations. Personality Human Behaviour in an organisation needs to ... ...line Etymology Dictionary. root location Douglas Harper, Historian. http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/motivation. Available http//dictionary.reference.com. Accessed December 08, 2010.http//tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_introduction.asphttp//vintechnology.com/journal/?p=47http//www.mmdnewswire.com/sham-dayal-pmp-13943.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PvwwrWnX5IC&printsec=frontcoverv=onepage&q=motivation&f= fake (book reference) pg 249, 2000http//www.accel-team.com/human_rel ations/hrels_05_herzberg.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Herzberghttp//www.accel-team.com/maslow_/maslow_nds_02.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//www.love2reward.co.uk/rewards/info-centre/motivation.jsp

Organisational Behaviour Essay -- Business Management

The playing area of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the deportment of groups and individuals within them Derek Pughs (1971) This influential definition of organisational demeanor was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human behaviour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, each individual is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to take apart human behaviour in order to say the workforce. By observing and experienceing each individual the organisation would improve performance organisational behaviour can be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and emotions. By doing so they are able to determine whether motivation is existent and if so, is it successful. How individuals work in groups and teams is most-valuable for unity within organisations therefore it is crucial to know how people communicate am ongst their group/teams and how well is the outcome when they do. Employees can become stressed which would affect them a great deal because an employee stressed would not be able to work to his/her potential. However this would be the least of the organisations worry because stress affects an employees psychological upbeat a great deal, this is dire for both the organisation and the individual. We know how these factors fit into the reason behind studying organisational behaviour however its relevance in forthwiths organisations is still a question, Im going to discuss two of the factors in more detail and relate to whether they are relevant or not in forthwiths organisations. Personality Human Behaviour in an organisation needs to ... ...line Etymology Dictionary. Source location Douglas Harper, Historian. http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/motivation. Available http//dictionary.reference.com. Accessed declination 08, 2010.http//tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theor y_introduction.asphttp//vintechnology.com/journal/?p=47http//www.mmdnewswire.com/sham-dayal-pmp-13943.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PvwwrWnX5IC&printsec=frontcoverv=onepage&q=motivation&f=false (book reference) pg 249, 2000http//www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_05_herzberg.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Herzberghttp//www.accel-team.com/maslow_/maslow_nds_02.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//www.love2reward.co.uk/rewards/info-centre/motivation.jsp Organisational Behaviour try -- Business ManagementThe study of the structure, functioning and performance of organisations, and the behaviour of groups and individuals within them Derek Pughs (1971) This influential definition of organisational behaviour was by Derek Pugh in 1971. Human behaviour is the way people act and react to situations and circumstances, each individu al is different, therefore it is essential for an organisation to study human behaviour in order to understand the workforce. By observing and understanding each individual the organisation would improve performance organisational behaviour can be considered as the key area of management. Organisations study organisational behaviour within by investigating individuals, social perception, attitudes and emotions. By doing so they are able to determine whether motivation is existent and if so, is it successful. How individuals work in groups and teams is grave for unity within organisations therefore it is crucial to know how people communicate amongst their group/teams and how well is the outcome when they do. Employees can become stressed which would affect them a great deal because an employee stressed would not be able to work to his/her potential. However this would be the least of the organisations worry because stress affects an employees psychological eudaemonia a great deal, this is dire for both the organisation and the individual. We know how these factors fit into the reason behind studying organisational behaviour however its relevance in todays organisations is still a question, Im going to discuss two of the factors in more detail and relate to whether they are relevant or not in todays organisations. Personality Human Behaviour in an organisation needs to ... ...line Etymology Dictionary. Source location Douglas Harper, Historian. http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/motivation. Available http//dictionary.reference.com. Accessed declination 08, 2010.http//tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_introduction.asphttp//vintechnology.com/journal/?p=47http//www.mmdnewswire.com/sham-dayal-pmp-13943.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PvwwrWnX5IC&printsec=frontcoverv=onepage&q=motivation&f=false (book reference) pg 249, 2000http//www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hre ls_05_herzberg.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Herzberghttp//www.accel-team.com/maslow_/maslow_nds_02.htmlhttp//www.management-issues.com/display_page.asp?section=opinion&id=6100http//www.love2reward.co.uk/rewards/info-centre/motivation.jsp

Discuss About Intravenous Urography Health And Social Care Essay

I would wish to discourse approximately endovenous Urography in this paper. Intravenous Urography or merely known as IVU is a process to analyze the urinary system by utilizing descent media. It had been start utilizing in twelvemonth 1930 to analyze the upsets of urinary system. It is performed to diagnosed renal map and investigates the anatomy of the kidneys, ureters and urinary vesica. The indicants for executing a IVU scrutiny ar suspected urinary piece of land pathology, repeated harm, haematuria, injury and probe of hypotension in immature grownup. Urography may similarly utilize to execute the pre- or post-therapeutic evalution of rock disease. The urography imaging sequence is design to supply diagnostic. The direct contrast media is brought to the kidneys through blood circulation, filtered in the glomeruli and concentrated in the nephritic tubules. thusly the contrast media will delivered to the pelvic build up, ureter and vesica where radio-opaque show on roentgeno gram photographic films. Normally this scrutiny will be performed by the medical student to avoid unfortunate incidences. The intent of IVU is the primary probe for urinary disease such as urinary rock, urinary rednesss, urinary injury and obstructor, assorted and contraindications. about necessary safeguards are taken to avoid the allergic reactions. This safeguards include ask whether affected role is allergic to any medical specialty or nutrient, is tolerant ( magnanimous females ) pregnant or sacrifice any opportunity to pregnancy within a hebdomad and any diseases that may do patient to hold anaphylactic daze during scrutiny.Equipments that are needed during Intravenous Urography are exigency cart to the full equipped and handily placed, instrument for injection is arranged on a little, movable tabular array or on a tray, often used unfertile points moldiness be readily available, disposable acerate leafs and panpipes are widely used in this process, nonsterile points su ch as compression plot, little waste bin, vomit basin, disposable rub, contrast media that is required, and dressing for puncture site must be required. Besides that, a catch ones breath or folded tower that can be place under patient s cubitus during the injection of contrast media to diminish force per unit area. The equipment for endovenous disposal equipment are 50ml syringe, repair fulling needle, skin homework, gluey tape, choice of acerate leafs, straight/Butterfly 16,19,21,23 gage and compression bandage or blood force per unit area turnup. Emergency drugs and equipment such as steroid injection, adrenaline injection, antihistamine injection, endovenous dextrose trickle and O for stirring must be checked every twenty-four hours and easy to get during IVU scrutiny.Basically, we are utilizing 3 types of contrast media during IVU scrutiny. They are Niopam 300, Omnipaque 350 and Urograffin 370. Doses of contrast media that injected into a 70 kilogram, recipe blood urea gro wnup are 50 milliliters through endovenous. Before injected the contrast media to patient, the contrast media must be warmed to personify temperature. To shoot the contrast media into the vena, a 19 gage acerate leaf must be punctured into the average cubital vena. Then the contrast media that been warmed to about 36-37 rack up Celsius will be injected. This process is ever performed by the Radiologists or physician. Then word-paintings are taken at intervals will show whole nephritic system.At the twenty-four hours of scrutiny, patient is necessitating to alter to hospital gown. Make certain patient had emptying the vesica to forestall dilution of contrast media with urine. Patient is placed on the tabular array with supine place in the X-ray room, the MSP of the patient perpendicular to the midplane of the grid. Support patient s articulatio genus by utilizing a pillow to cut down dipped curvature of lumbar spinal column. This can supply a more comfy place to patient. Compressio n devices must be prepared before the scrutiny, so that it will be ready to application in a specific clip. Obtain a preliminary skiagraph of the venters. Then fix for the first post-injection before the contrast medium is injected. A cassette with movie is placed in the bucky tabular array, place the cassette and set on markers on the cassette. Changes are made on focus and exposure factors based on the prelim movie. Contrast media for injection intent is prepared utilizing sterile technique. Administration of contrast media into patient s organic structure is normally done by the physician harmonizing to the patient s organic structure size, ages and weight. Several radiogram will be taken at specified intervals get downing from the clip the contrast media is wholly emits into patient s organic structure. In approximately 2 to 8 proceedingss the contrast media will get down to look in the pelvicaliceal system. Patient demand to empty their vesica as the scrutiny is over and a rad iogram will be taken to guarantee that contrast media is wholly removed from the organic structure.The typical exposure values for IVU are 65-75kVp, 50-70mAs, 100cm of Film Focusing exceed ( FFD ) , used grid to diminish spread radiation and utilize regular film/screen.5 X-ray movies will be taken during this scrutiny. The first X ray besides known as preliminary movie is a normal abdomen X ray. The movie should include most of the venters and pelvic girdle ( kidneys, ureters and vesica ) . If the movie is demoing unsatisfactory component such as gases and a tonss of fecal matters inside the patient venters, we might hold to prorogue the scrutiny. This is spring by the patient that did non follow the direction right. This is usually go on on the out-of-door patient. This scrutiny will be go on when patient have achieved proper readying. The 2nd movie ( immediate movie ) is after the patient is injected with the contrast media. The intent of this movie is to show AP nephritic disea se by demoing nephrogram, examples the nephritic parenchyma. The 3rd movie or merely known as 5 proceedingss movie is taken to find whether farther dosage of contrast media is required or non. We might use compaction to dilate pelvicalyceal system so that it can clearly show make fulling defects in the 3rd movie ( 15 proceedingss movie ) . The Forth movie ( 25 proceedingss movie ) is taken to show the flesh outed vesica. This can be done by concentrating 15 degree caudal angulations and the upper line line of the symphysis pubic bone is centered. The last movie ( station urination movie ) will show the emptying success of vesica and the antecedently distend lower terminals of ureters had been returned to normal. There are besides some extra projections required such as inspiratory, expiratory and oblique projection so that relationship of opacities and make fulling defects to the nephritic piece of land is demonstrated. Purpose of imaging is to show lineations nephritic and overco me darkening from the gastro enteric piece of land.An immediate station injection radiogram should show the kidneys addition in tautness because of the contrast within the uriniferous tubules. Different denseness nephrograms may bespeak nephritic nephritic arteria stricture, if this is suspected a series of movies at 1, 2, and 3 proceedingss after injection can convey more accurate visual image. The kidney lineations should be smooth and does non concentrating contrast media. If it is concentrating the medium, it is likely cause by tumours.The calyces, nephritic pelvic girdle and portion of ureter should be seeable in the 5 or 10 proceedingss movie. Both kidneys should hold the same denseness as the nephrogram is reduced. If we see 1 of the kidney denseness is lower, it might be cause by ureteric diseases such as urinary obstructor. To find site of obstructor, a detain movie is required after 45 to 60 proceedingss after injection. 15 proceedingss movie shall demo the cause of urin ary obstructor. Urinary obstructor might be caused by stne, coagulum or tumor near the ureteric opening. If the ureters are dilated, the cause is likely in the vesica or urethra. The intent of taking vesica movie is to name the unnatural size of vesica that might be cause urinary diseases. Examples of the diseases are prostate expansion, urethral obstructor, neurogenic vesica, TB, Schisotosomiasis, rocks, calcification, tumor and gas in the vesica.It is the duty of a Radiographer to use to patient and radiographer to diminish the radiation doses that receive. Guidelines refering radiation protection are using gonad shield to patient if it does non overlap the assort of involvement. Collimation need to be applied so that lone part of involvement merely will have radiation. Do non reiterate the scrutiny so that patient will non have external radiation. Male patient shall be shield for all scrutinies. Some patient might shown some symptoms such as sickness, nestling urticarial roseol as, on occasion terrible laryngeal hydrops, anaphylactic daze and cardiac apprehension. As the marks of these symptoms appear on patient, injection of contrast media must be stopped instantly. Emergency drugs such as antihistamines and steroids are given to patient.Decision is IVU is a safe scrutiny with all the set up in the X-ray room and it gives detail information to physician for diagnose intent.

Sexual identity and gender stereotyping

Culture is a body of common beliefs, traditions, value and principles which are shared by members of a particular group. A culture helps to determine the behaviors, attitudes and expectations of its people. Every society or community has some traditions, beliefs and customs regarding either gender. Most of this expectations are base on the cozy identity of one being either male or female which emanate from their different roles in human reproduction and variations in their physical char wagereristics. Cultural views on cozy identity comprises of beliefs, expectations and constraints of what men or women are supposed to do or not to do.Sexual identity refers to the level or degree to which we identify ourselves as male or female depending on various kindly, cultural and biological aspects . Our culture has various ways of distinguishing between the two major sexual identities. As a result, the expectations and constraints imposed on a woman are different from those imposed on the males. The fact that women have got birth and lactate exposes them to certain(p) constraints in their motherly roles in the society. For instance, our culture unravels to view females as receptive and the males as intrusive in their respective sexual behaviors.Though such constraints are presumed to be less pervasive in the society today due to the fact that our culture is evolving into a modern social structure away from the hunter-gatherer kind of socio-economic life it used to be, the distinction between the two sexes still remains quite pervasive in terms of behavior, roles and interests . many a(prenominal) sociologists have traced the origin of such differences to the different cultural norms put forward by our culture to the society. Since birth, boys and girls become accustomed to different cultural standards either consciously or unconsciously which reflect their respective roles later in life.For instance, girls tend to take up the role of mothers and caretakers in the family while boys are taught to be the heads of the family as the bread-winners and protectors. The differentiation between male and female behaviors is a matter which is deeper than the fantasy of contextual relativism in the culture. Apart from behaviors, roles and expectations based on sexual identity, our culture has take to the evolution of some gender stereotypes which are associated with a particular sex whether male or female . The spread of such classical stereotypes in the media specially dominates the society today.Both print and electronic media clearly indicate the different cultural standards of men and women in the society together with their varying capabilities based on their sexual identities. Until recently, the media has depicted the female gender as a weaker sex in terms of the roles, professions and the society expectations as compared to the male gender. However, the continued calls for gender comparability has led to certain media portraits which show th at women are as capable as their male counterparts thus removing the long held constraints and stereotypes imposed by our culture on women which tend to undermine their professional capabilities.Houston stresses on four major gender stereotypes. She puts them across as men are afraid of commitments, men are bound to introduce or do anything in order to prevent their partners from discovering that they are cheating on them, women concentrate too much on what men say or do and finally, a woman can use any available strategy to keep a man. Such gender stereotypes she adds, are the source of certain phrases like just like women, men are dogs and so forth which tend to associate men and women with certain behaviors and not others.As a childlike woman, all these cultural views have shaped my behavior and my self-understanding as such in various ways. For a young person to understand his or her sexual identity, it is vital to solve the tension caused by numerous cultural values between w ho i am and what how the society views or expects of me. As a woman, the culture expects me to be submissive and to behave as so especially when dealing with the male gender. Moreover, our culture expects women not to show their interest towards men as they are tell to be the hunters and women the hunted .Such cultural values expect women to suppress their feelings and behave in a particular manner in matters concerning their sexual druthers and identity in the society. All these cultural views have shaped my personal behavior as a woman and my view on the whole concept of sexual identity. Due to the numerous gender stereotypes, behaviors, expectations and constraints imposed on the different sexes, there arises some tension between religious and societal values.Our culture which views women as second to men has consequently put some cultural restrictions which burr women from top positions in the religious matters and other societal issues. However, some cultural values tend to b e in consistency with religious value in that in both cases, women especially those who are married are expected to act in a submissive way when dealing with their husbands. It can thus be said that, the environment and the cultural background in which one is brought up largely influences his or her rising relationships with the opposite sex and other people in the society.Many gender stereotypes have adverse effects on future relationships especially for the young people who wish to establish stable and strong foundations for their future family lives. For instance, the stereotype that all men promoted by our culture are polygynous or unfaithful can have detrimental the womens ability to trust men hence the increased number of divorces in the modern society . From a theological point of view, marriage is seen as a vocation, covenant, sacrament, communion and a lasting partnership . However, this views are exposed to various interpretations especially in the cultural context of th e modern society.

Psychotherapy Techniques

Psychotherapy involves a number of techniques used to improve mental health or emotional and demeanoural issues. Three normal techniques atomic number 18 psychoanalysis, cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Although these may have some fundamental similarities, especially in their objectives, there are some ways in which these approaches are various. Psychoanalysis began with Freud. Trained as a neurologist, Freud began seeing neurological problems that had no biological basis in his nodes.He therefore looked towards the mind for answers. Psychoanalysis is found on the belief that change will take place when an individual becomes more(prenominal) than self- aware by bringing unconscious(p) thoughts and feelings into the conscious. Behavior must be based more on reality than instinct. The basic method of psychoanalysis is the free association method, where the client is directed to say whatever comes to mind on hearing a cross word.The analyst listens well and interprets the patterns and inhibitions in the patients speech and behavior the analysts main job is to help the patient to free his mind from unconscious barriers or past patterns of thought relatedness that are no longer helpful to the client. Recent psychoanalysis techniques try to help clients gain better trust in themselves, self -esteem and overcome the fear of death. Psychoanalysts believe that a more insight-oriented approach is to be used with healthier clients and a more supportive approach with more disturbed clients.This type of analysis is thought to be useful in clients with personality problems and neuroses, problems of intimacy and relationships. Psychoanalysis may include the client examining his relationship with the therapist. This is non included in cognitive or behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy which also has its foundation in the concept of distorted thoughts and how they influence behavior uses a different technique for helping the client.The emphasis here is more o n distorted thoughts interfering with the reality than on patterns of the clients personality as in the psychoanalytical model. The exchange premise is that our thoughts mediate between the stimuli in the environment and our emotions. Therefore a stimulus elicits a thought which in turn might stimulate a particular emotion, especially if that thought is an evaluative judgment. Cognitive therapists suggest that psychological distress is caused by distorted thoughts about stimuli giving rise to distressed emotions.In short, faulty thoughts cause psychological problems and therefore changing our thought patterns will lead to mental healing and changes in behavior. The analyst therefore attempts to help the client become aware of these distorted thoughts and the behavioral patterns which are re-enforcing these distorted thoughts and then to help the client correct them. The analyst has to take care the experiences from the clients point of view, unlike in psychoanalysis where the anal yst only listens and points out insights to the client.The cognitive analyst then helps the client explore these distressed thoughts and put them against reality. The distorted thoughts are replaced by more accurate thoughts about the client and his life. Since this therapy is geared towards modifying peoples core beliefs, it has been found to be more effective in tr eat conditions such as depression, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and phobias.A major difference observed with behavioral therapy is that it is focused on behaviors that are observable and measurable rather than on cognitions as in the twain previous therapies. Behavioral therapy relies on principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning and social learning theory. Generally behavior therapy works by changing the clients behavior with use of rewards, reinforcements and desensitization. There are many different techniques that are used by behavior therapists, including self-management, b iofeedback, role-playing, modelling,etc.Unlike psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy, the client practices a particular behavior, accompanied by a reward or reinforcement of that positive behavior until change in behavior has taken place. Similar to cognitive therapy, behavior therapy is not generally used in dealing with issues of relationships. In some instances cognitive and behavior therapy are combined in one technique- cognitive-behavioral where the analysts helps the client to understand the thinking behind his behavior while practicing alternative behaviors.

A Reflection

The best fostering ground for e real deserving student is in fact, the University of Arizona. Its education is the food market of the gentleman mind. It fuels the students professional growth and thrusts him towards definite directions in his day to day activity. Furthermore, this university is his watering holes from which he quenches his thirsts and draws his strength as he travels treks through his toilsome journey towards excellence and fulfillment. Over the years, this institute has able to mold its graduates into becoming professionals with superb brilliance, genuine dignity and outstanding values.From that day I stepped into this mammoth training ground, I was convinced this University would mean more than life to me. Its warm people, specialized programs and well-prepared curricula are the best tools to guide and shape a freshman like me.My scratch semester in the University of Arizona is a time of transition, in which I experienced inner transformation as well as realiza tion of my worth as a young adult. I study realized, that with adulthood, comes responsibility. Responsibility is synonymous with obligation, dedication and perseverance. I pass the obligation to make the best of my time and effort plot of land studying, not only for the enrichment of myself notwithstanding also for the benefit of those who have been rearing me up in prayers and in thoughts.Aside from these, I have realized that I am accountable to my actions and the little decisions that I make each day, to keep myself whole until that day I got that priceless sheet of paper to pursue my dreams and give back to my family and my country their rewards of life and love, as much as my parents have consented and gave their full trust and support to me, even though being in this university means to be miles and miles away from home. This university has taught me to be committed to every particular task I have, especially in my academics. These things could be as simple as doing my formulation diligently or to bigger things like spending wisely every single penny my parents have worked for. Furthermore, this university has taught me to dedicate myself towards living up into its vision and mission and everlastingly strive to gain excellence not just mentally, but holistically.Back from my humble and simple city in California, I used to misunderstand the independence I have. I relied solely with my parents and left all the household responsibilities to them. I hardly even washed the dishes, nor fixed my room I did not even tiff to clean the house or even my own mess. I was used to having all things sympathiseily act and made available for me. I was reluctant with my studies and my dreams in life were vague. In fact, I enjoyed the company of friends and loved to stay outside shopping and partying, thinking these things would make me happy. But, I was wrong Not that I have not yet matured that time, but I should say, I refused to grow.Aside from responsibility , I have learned to possess the virtue of balance where there is freedom, there should ever so be balance. In my quite life here, I have learned to live life on my own, prepare my food, wash my clothes, clean my room, do my homework and be at peace with everyone. I have to cope with the busy schedules in school and meet the deadlines and make sure that I have read my lessons in advance. Unlike before, I realized that am not getting any younger and that, in this busy world, one should always be in moderation, no matter how many the predicaments are.Speaking of predicaments, my grandmothers death was one of the most challenging experiences I have during my archetypical semester here. I have been very close to her and being favored by her so much. I never actually felt very far from home since she was always there beside me to breathe in me up and inspire me. But with her death, I felt effortless with school. I was afraid to live alone and assume my responsibilities as a grown-up in dividual. So I had to go home most of the time. But through constant effort and vivid plans in life, I have managed to make good in my first training at the University of Arizona. My grandmothers death served as a challenge for me to believe in myself as much as she trusted me and believed in my potentials. In the real life, everything passes by and that all we need to do is to learn wholeheartedly from every particular experience and take that experience objectively for the melioration of ourselves.I love this university, its people and the promises it holds for each student. Although, I am experiencing a difficult time to adjust to my classmates since all of us come from different states, and the harsh white-hot weather this State has, I still find this very challenging and exciting. Being in a big city like Tucson is no job for a young student but I am willing to explore the opportunities this school provides, if these were to open chances of improvement. I love the excitement s here, all the fun and the activities set for students. I love the way this institution has become a tool to shape me into a better a person.I know it has only been a semester, but I could see how challenging the coming semesters would be. With the right training and education I have right now, I can see a brighter incoming not just for my self, for my family and also for my country. America has lots of intellectuals already This time, and in the years to come, what it take are people who do not just have the minds but the heart as well America needs citizens who are open to the growing changes in the society, taking into consideration the welfare of everybody. America needs people who, despite the diversities there are, remain to be a united and strong citizenry. The countrys effort of producing value-centered graduates demands no less I am confident that the University of Arizona will make me and the rest of us here to be one of those people America has been longing for

The Indigo Spell Chapter Six

I FOLLOWED MS. TERWILLIGERS instructions diligently. I neer to a faultk the garnet off, non even when I slept or showered. When give instruction started the next morning, I wore it under my shirt to avoid any questions. It didnt incisively scream magical amulet, provided it was certainly conspicuous. To my surprise, Ms. Terwilliger wasnt in her outset-period history class, making me interview if she was doing near investigating of her own.Ms. T on some secret mission?I flinched and realized Id been lost in my own thoughts. I turned and commence up threesome Juarez kneeling by my desk. Class hadnt started yet, and a confused-looking substitute teacher was trying to make sense of the chaos of Ms. Terwilligers desk. Trey grinned at my surprise.Wh-what? I asked. Had he somehow found out around Veronica? I tested to keep cool. What makes you say that?I was just joking, he said. This is the second year Ive had her, and shes never missed a daylight. He gave me a puzzled look. Unless you re tout ensembley do know something I dont?No, I said quickly. Im just as impress as you are.Trey scrutinized me a few arcseconds. We were good friends here at Amberwood, with alone 1 teeny-tiny problem hanging betwixt us.His family was tied to the Warriors of Light.Last month, the Warriors had tried to polish Sonya in a barbaric execution ritual. Trey had been mavin of the contenders for the honor of killing her, though hed thrown the match at the last minute. Id tried to approach to the Warriors to release Sonya, provided they hadnt listened. She and I were both saved when a raiding party of dhampirs showed up and defeated the Warriors. Stanton had helped orchestrate that raid but hadnt bothitherd to ingurgitate me in that I was being used as a distraction. It was part of what had fueled my distrust of her and the Alchemists.Trey had been blamed for piddleting me involved with the ritual, and the Warriors had ostracized his father and him. simply as I had been pres veritabled by the Alchemists, Trey had had Warrior doctrine drilled into him his whole life. His father was so ashamed of the fallout that he would barely speak to Trey now. I knew how much Trey wanted his fathers approval, so this silence was more painful to him than the Warriors treatment.Our allegiances made things difficult. When Id once tentatively hinted to Trey that we still had unresolved issues between us, hed responded with a bitter laugh. You contract nothing to worry about anymore, hed told me. Im not hiding any secret plans from you because I dont know any. They wont tell us anything. Im not wizard of them, as far as theyre concerned. Ive been cut off forever, and itd take a miracle for them to ever take us blanket. Thered been something in his dark eyes that told me if he ever could find that miracle, hed jump on it. Id tried asking about that, but he wouldnt discuss it any further. I want to be your friend, Melbourne, he had said. I like you. Were never going to resolve our differences. Might as well ignore them since we start out to be to set forthher every day.Amazingly, our friendship had managed to suffer all that drama. The tension was always there, lurking between us, but we tried to ignore it. Although he knew about my involvement in the vampiric world, he had no creative thinker I was taking behind-the-scenes magic lessons with our history teacher, of course.If he thought I was lying about Ms. Terwilligers absence today, he didnt push the matter. He nodded toward the sub. This is going to be a blow-off day.I dragged my mind away from magical intrigue. After being homeschooled for most of my life, some parts of the normal school world were a mystery. Whats that mean, claimly?Usually teachers leave subs a lesson plan, telling them what to do. I saw the one Ms. Terwilliger left. It said, Distract them. Trey shook his head in mock sympathy. I entrust you can handle the wasted academic cartridge clip. I mean, shell probab ly say something like, Work on homework. But no one will.He was right. I wasnt sure if I could handle this. Why wouldnt they?This seemed to amuse him immensely. Melbourne, sometimes youre the only reason I come to class. I saw her sub plan for your independent study, by the way. It said you didnt even have to stick around. Youre free to run wild.Eddie, sitting progressby, everywhereheard and scoffed. To the library?This made both of them laugh, but my mind was already spinning with possibilities. If I really didnt have to stay for my last class, Id be free to leave campus early. I could go into Los Angeles to look for Veronica and no. Adrian wasnt back. For a moment, I toyed with the idea of investigation without his spirit magic, but Ms. Terwilligers warnings echoed through my mind. The hunt would have to wait.But I could still look for Marcus Finch.Santa Barbara was two hours away. That meant I had enough time to pick out up there, do some investigating of Marcus, and still co mfortably make it back by the schools curfew. I hadnt intended to go look for him until this weekend but realized now that I shouldnt waste this opportunity. Ms. Terwilligers task weighed heavily on me as well, but I couldnt do anything about it until Adrian returned tonight.Marcus Finch had been a mystery to me since the moment Id discoered he was an ex-Alchemist. Realizing that I might in truth build some answers today made my heart pound in overtime. It was one thing to amusing the Alchemists had been holding out on me. It was an solely different matter to accept that I might be on the verge of having those suspicions confirmed. It was actually kind of terrifying.As the day progressed, I became more and more resolved to make the deal. I had to face this sooner or later, and I might as well get it over with. For all I knew, Marcus had simply been sightseeing in Santa Barbara and could be gone already. I didnt want to repeat the scrying hitch if I could help it. veritable enou gh, when I showed up for what would normally be my independent study at the end of the day, the sub (looking extremely worn out after a day of following in Ms. Terwilligers footsteps) told me I was free to go. I thanked her and hurried off to my dorm room, conscious of the clock that was now ticking. I didnt know exactly what Id be facing in Santa Barbara, but I planned to be prepared for anything.I changed out of my Amberwood uniform, opting for jeans and a plain black blouse. Kneeling by my bed, I pulled out a large metal box from underneath it. At first glance, the box looked like a makeup kit. However, it had an intricate lock that required both a key and combination. Inside was my Alchemist chemistry set, a collection of chemicals that would probably get me kicked out of school if found since it looked like it was crestable of manufacturing mislabeled drugs. And really, some of the compounds probably were pretty questionable.I selected some basics. One was a formula that was usually used to dissolve Strigoi bodies. I didnt expect to encounter any Strigoi in Santa Barbara, but the compound could also be used to disintegrate metal pretty handily. I chose a couple other mixtures like one that could create a spy-worthy smoke screen and carefully wrapped them all up before slipping them into my messenger bag. Then I locked the box again and slid it back under the bed.After a runty consideration, I took a slurred breath and produced another hidden box. This was a new one in my collection. It contained various ch ordnance and potions Id made under Ms. Terwilligers instruction. Staring at its contents, I felt my stomach twist. Never in my wildest dreams had I imagined Id have such a kit. When wed first met, Id only created charms under duress. Now I had several that Id willingly made, and if what shed said about her sister was true, Id need to start making more. With great reluctance, I picked a variety of these as well and packed them up with the Alchemi st chemicals. After a moments consideration, I put a couple in my pocket for quick access.The drive to Santa Barbara was easy this time of day December had cooled off some of southern Californias weather, but the sun was still out, making it seem warmer than it really was. And, as I drove up the coast, the desert gave way to more temperate conditions. Rain increased in the middle and northern parts of the state this time of year, making the landscape lush and green. I really did love Palm Springs and Amberwood, but there were times I wouldnt have minded if Jills assignment had interpreted us up here.Finding the Old Mission Santa Barbara wasnt difficult. It was a well-known tourist attraction and pretty easy to spot once you were nearby. The sprawling perform looked exactly as it had in my vision save that it was lit by mid-afternoon sunshine rather than twilight. I pulled off to the side of the road in a residential inhabithood and gazed up at the beautiful stucco and terra-cotta masterpiece. I wished I had the time to go on a tour, but, as they so very much did, my personal desires had to take a backseat to a larger goal.Now came the more difficult part having to figure out where the studio Id seen might be. The neighborhood I parked in provided a view that was similar to the one Id observed in the spell. The angles werent exact, however, and this street only contained houses. I was almost certain the studio Id seen had been in an apartment twist. Keeping the mission in view, I drove a few more streets over and found what Id hoped for several blocks containing apartment complexes.One looked too nice to have what Id seen. The studio had seemed pretty bare bones and run tear. The other two buildings on the street looked like more likely candidates. I drove to each one and walked around their grounds, trying to imagine what the angle might be when viewed from a higher windowpane. I wished Id had a chance to actually look downhearted to the parking lot in the vision. It would have given me a collapse idea of the knock down. After much thought, I finally deduced the studio had been on the third or fourth floor. Since one of the buildings only had two floors, that gave me a pretty positive hit on the correct place.Stepping inside the building made me glad Id packed hand sanitizer in my bag. The halls looked like they hadnt been swept in over a year. The walls were dirty, their paint chipped. Bits of trash sat on the floor. Cobwebs hung in some of the corners, and I prayed spiders were the only creepy-crawly inhabitants. If I saw a roach, I was probably going to bolt. The building had no front desk I could make inquiries at, so I flagged down a middle-aged woman as she was leaving. She paused, regarding me warily.Hi, I said, hoping I looked non-threatening. Im trying to find a friend of mine, but I dont know which apartment he lives in. Maybe you know him? His name is Marcus. He has a blue tattoo on his face. Seeing her blank look, I iterate the question in Spanish. Comprehension showed in her expression, but once shed heard my entire question, her only response was a brief headshake. I didnt even have time to show her Marcuss picture.I spent the next half hour doing the same thing whenever I saw residents going in or out. I stayed outside this time, preferring a brightly lit public area to the dingy interior. Some of the people I talked to were a little sketchy, and a couple of guys looked me over in a way I definitely didnt like. I was about to give up when a younger male child approached me. He appeared to be about ten and had been playing in the parking lot.I know the guy youre looking for, he told me in English. But his names not Marcus. Its Dave.Considering how difficult Marcus had been to find, I wasnt entirely surprised hed been using another name. Youre sure? I asked the boy. I showed him the picture. This is the guy?He nodded eagerly. Thats the one. Hes real quiet. My mom says hes probably doing bad things.Great. Just what I compulsory. Do you know where he lives?The boy pointed upward. At the top. 407.I thanked him and went back inside, heading up to the fourth floor on stairs that creaked the entire way. The apartment was near the end of the hall, next to one that was blasting obnoxious music. I knocked on 407 and didnt get a response. Not sure if the occupant had heard me, I knocked more loudly and received the same result.I eyed the doorknob, considering melting it with my Alchemist chemicals. Immediately, I dismissed the thought. Even in a disreputable building like this, a neighbor might be concerned to see me breaking into an apartment. I didnt want to attract any attention. This situation was getting increasingly frustrating, and I couldnt spend all day here.I ran through my choices. Everyone said I was so smart. Surely there was some solution here that would work? Waiting around in the hall wasnt an option. There was no telling how long it could take for Marcus or Da ve to show up. And honestly, the less time spent in the dirty hall, the better. If only there was some way to get inside that didnt involve actually destroying Thats when the solution came to me. I groaned. It wasnt one I liked, but it would get the job done.I went back outside and waved hello to the boy as he practiced jumping off the steps. Was Dave home? he asked.No.The boy nodded. He usually isnt.That, at least, would be helpful for this next crazy plan. I left the boy and walked around the side of the building, which was mercifully deserted. There, clinging to the outer wall, was the most weak fire exit Id ever seen. Considering how rigid California safety standards were, I was astonished that this hadnt been reported. Of course, if it had, it didnt seem likely this buildings owner wouldve been quick to act, judging from the rest of the conditions Id seen.Double checking that no one was around, I stood in the fire escapes shadow, hoping it more or less concealed me. From the m essenger bag, I produced one of my charms a necklace made of agate and crow feathers. I slipped it over my head and recited a Greek incantation. I felt the warmth of magic run through me but saw no ostensible changes. Theoretically, I should be invisible for those who didnt know to look for me. Whether that had actually happened, I couldnt say. I supposed Id find out if someone came by and demanded to know why I was arise into an apartment via the fire escape.Once I stepped onto it, I nearly terminated the plan. The entire fire escape squeaked and swayed. The scaffolding was so rusty, I wouldnt have been surprised if it disintegrated beneath my feet. I stood frozen where I was, trying to work up the courage to go on. I reminded myself that this could be my one chance to find Marcus. The boy in the parking lot had confirmed he lived here. I couldnt waste this opportunity.I gulped and kept going, gingerly moving from floor to floor. When I reached the fourth, I stared down in amazeme nt, unable to believe the fire escape was still intact. Now I had a new problem. Id figured out where Marcuss studio was, and it was one window over from the fire escapes landing. The distance wasnt that great, but on the narrow ledge between them would feel like miles. Equally daunting was the fact that Id have to get through the window. It was shut, which made sense if he was in hiding. I had a couple magical amulets capable of melting glass, but I didnt trust myself to be able to use them on the narrow ledge which meant I had to see just how good my aim had become in PE.Still conscious of the unassured fire escape, I took out a small pouch of powder from my messenger bag. Sizing up the distance, I threw the pouch hard toward the window, reciting a spell and missed. The pouch hit the side of the building, throwing up a dusty cloud, and began eating away at the stucco. I winced as the wall dissolved. The spell eventually burned-out itself out but left a noticeable hole behind. It hadnt gone all the way through, and I supposed given the state of the building, no one would probably even notice.I had one pouch left and had to make it count. The pane was fairly big, and there was no way I could miss this time. I threw hard and made contact. The powder smashed against the window. Immediately, a reaction spread out and began melting the glass. It dripped down like ice out in the sun. Now, notice anxiously, I wanted the reaction to go on for as long as possible. I needed a big enough hole to get through. Fortunately, when it stopped, I felt confident I could make it inside if I could get over there.I wasnt afraid of heights, but as I crept on the ledge, I felt like I was on top of a skyscraper. My heart was in my throat, and I pondered the logistics of surviving a four-floor drop. My palms began to sweat, and I ordered them to stop. I wasnt going to come all this way just to have my hands slip at the last minute.As it turned out, it was my foot that slipped. The world spun, and I frantically flung my arms out, just barely grabbing the inside of the window. I pulled myself toward it, and with a surge of adrenaline-fueled effort managed to hook my other leg inside. I took a deep breath and tried to quiet my pounding heart. I was secure. I was going to make it. A moment later, I was able to pull myself up and swing my other leg around the ledge, tumbling into the room.I landed on the floor, my legs weak and shaky as I worked to steady my frantic breathing. That was close. If my reflexes had been a little slower, I wouldve found out exactly what four floors could do to the human body. While I loved science, I wasnt sure that was an experiment I needed to try. Maybe being around dhampirs so much had helped improve my physical skills.Once Id recovered, I was able to assess my surroundings. Here I was, in the exact same studio Id seen in my vision. Glancing behind me, I sized up the mission, verifying I had the same vantage. Yup. Exactly the same. Inside, I recognized the mattress on the floor and the same meager belongings. Across the room, the door leading out had a number of very new, very state-of-the-art locks. Dissolving the outer doorknob wouldnt have done any good.Now what? I muttered. Id made it inside. I didnt have Marcus, but I theoretically had his apartment. I was unsure what I was looking for but might as well start somewhere.First, I examined the mattress, not that I expected much. It couldnt hide belongings like mine could. It could, however, hide rats and God only knew what else underneath it. I gingerly lifted a corner, knowing I must be grimacing, but there was nothing underneath alive or otherwise. My next target was a small, disorderly pile of clothes. Going through someones dirty laundry (because I assumed it was dirty, if it was sitting on the floor) wasnt much better than looking at the mattress. A whiff of fabric softener told me that these clothes were, in fact, recently washed. They were ord inary guy clothes, probably a young guys clothes, which clothe with Marcuss profile. Jeans. T-shirts. Boxers. As I sifted through the pile, I nearly started folding them and had to remind myself that I didnt want to leave any sign of my passing. Of course, the melt down window was kind of a dead giveaway.A couple of personal items sat nearby, a toothbrush and deodorant with a scent inexplicably called as Ocean Fiesta. Aside from a rickety wooden chair and the ancient TV, there was only one other form of comfort and entertainment in the barren room a beaten-up copy of The Catcher in the Rye. Great, I muttered, wondering what it said about a person who owned no other personal possessions. Marcus Finch is pretentious and self-entitled.The studios rear end was claustrophobic and barely had enough space for a single shower stall, toilet, and dripping sink. Judging from the mildew on the floor, a good deal of irrigate sprayed out when the shower was used. A large black spider scurrie d down the drain, and I hastily backed out.Defeated, I went to investigate a narrow military press door. After all my work, Id found Marcus Finch but hadnt actually found him. My search had revealed nothing. I had limited time to wait for him, and honestly, if I were him and returned home to a melted window, I would promptly walk out the door and never return. If he ran, Id have no choice but to keep scrying and AhhSomething jumped out at me as I opened the closet door and it wasnt a rat or a roach.It was a man.The closet was tiny, so it was a miracle he had even fit inside. I had no time to process the spatial logistics, however, because his fist shot out and clipped me on the side of the face.In my life, Id been slammed up against brick walls and bitten by a Strigoi. Id never been punched, however, and it wasnt an experience I wanted to repeat. I stumbled backward, so surprised that I couldnt even react right away. The guy lunged after me, grabbing my upper arms and shaking me a s he leaned close.How did you guys find me? he exclaimed. How many more are coming?Pain radiated through the side of my face, but somehow, I managed to receive my senses. Last month, Id taken a self-defense class with a slightly unstable Chihuahua breeder who looked like a pirate. Despite Malachi Wolfes unorthodox behavior, hed actually taught us some legitimate skills, and they came back to me now. I kneed my attacker in the stomach. His blue eyes went wide with shock as he released me and fell to the ground. It didnt keep him down for long, though. He scrambled back to his feet and came after me, but by then, Id grabbed the chair and was using it to keep him at bay the way a lion unexciting would.Back off, I said. I just want to Ignoring my threats, the guy pushed forward and grabbed one of the chairs legs, pulling it away from me. He had me backed into a corner, and despite some tricks Eddie had taught me, I wasnt confident in my own ability to throw a punch. Nonetheless, I pu t up a good fight when my attacker tried to grab me again. We struggled and fell to the floor. I kicked and clawed like crazy, making things as difficult as possible. It was only when he managed to pin me with his entire body that my flailing got stifled. I had enough freedom to reach a hand into my pocket, however.Who sent you? he demanded. Where are the others?I didnt answer. Instead, I pulled out a small vial and flipped the cap off with one hand. Immediately, noxious yellow vapor with the consistency of dry ice spilled out of it. I thrust it toward the guys face. He recoiled in disgust, and tears sprang into his eyes. The bosom itself was relatively harmless, but its fumes acted as a kind of pepper spray. He let go of me, and with strength I didnt even know I had, I managed to roll him over and hold him down. I drove my elbow into his wrist, and he made a small grunt of pain. With my other arm, I waved the vial with as much menace as I would a machete. This wouldnt fool him for long, but hopefully itd buy me some time to reassess my situation. Now that he was still, I was finally able to get a good look at him and was relieved to see Id at least achieved my goal. He had a young, freehanded face with an indigo tattoo on his cheek. It was an abstract design that looked like a latticework of crescent moons. A faint silver gleam keen some of the blue lines.Nice to meet you, Marcus.Then, the most astonishing thing happened. Through his watering eyes, hed been trying to get a good look at me too. Recognition appeared on his face as he blinked me into focus.Sydney Sage, he gasped. Ive been looking for you.I didnt have any time to be surprised because I dead heard the click of a gun, and a barrel touched the back of my head.Get off him, a voice demanded. And drop the smoke bomb.

Nursing History Essay

This paper will discuss how Nursings History has helped to inform portion out fors future. It will discuss the turn of the twentieth century and the importance of this era on the nurse profession. (Brodie, 2010) The development of breast feeding education and Florence nightingales contribution to modern day nurse (Hoyt, 2010). Possibilities for the future, which will enable further social standing and the prominence of nursing as a profession. (Fairman, 2012)The study of nursing tarradiddle helps us to better understand the issues of autonomy, unity, supply and demand, salary, and current practice. Learning from the role models of history, constrain positive changes in the present and provide options for the future. Provides the ability to make improvements on past practices and creating a sense of best practice. (Brodie, 2010).Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of modern day nursing. She was influential in the development of nursing education, practice, and administration. (Hoyt, 2010) Nightingales work served to establish nearly exclusively the advancements that would arise in the nursing profession in the coming decades. It was from her work, Notes on Nursing, set the tone for all theories that followed.Prior to 1840, no baronial education was provided to people who cared for the ill. These skills and lessons commonly provided in the form of generational learning or trial and error. The care of the sick commonly fell to women of a lower social standing or class who were unable to obtain any other work. Nightingale identified the need for formal training of nurses and workers in the public health arena. There has been substantial growth in the innovation of the nursing profession there have been advanced nursing programs established due to the increasing complexities of modern nursing. The turn of the twentieth century saw the creation of professional nursing organisations that allowed our profession to be self-regulated, this incl ude formal training and competency standards. (Brodie, 2010).Given that Nursing evolved into the self regulated profession it is, provides the opportunity to have a strong stead in the negotiations and government of appropriate working conditions, working hours arrangements and collective agreements. These negotiations and agreements were made later in the 20th century and now stand as a benchmark for generations of nurses to follow. (DAntonio, 2010)The history of nursing provides current day nursing teachers, leaders and professionals insight into opportunities and possibilities in our profession, aiding us to be accountable for our actions and enables us to provide annotate and feedback on potential improvements. (Fairman, 2012) It enables a review of procedures and policy and make recommendations for improvement. It confers the opportunity to be integral in policy implementation for the betterment of health care available to the public.Virginia Nursing History is a website that was created in 2001 the site is overall a very useful and provides a nice perspective on lead in nursing in Virginia from around 1900 to the near present. (Gibson, 2009) Gibson highlit the importance of websites such as this to show the progress and steps that have been made in the nursing profession. It highlights the extraordinary work that high performing nurses have accomplished and the prominent members of the nursing community. Gibson mentions that the work done by nurses tends to go unnoticed or unreported and tools such as this, using modern day technology (internet) to show the progression of our profession.Having knowledge of the history of nursing helps us to understand where nursing came from and how nursing evolved as a profession throughout time. It provides us with the opportunity to reflect on how things were and why we do things the way we do. It shows us that we have grown from world regarded as the lowest working class, ones who didnt require training or educat ion. Transformed to a profession highly regarded for its intensive training and requirements, which are providing us with the capability to grow, expand and bide to firm the foundation for future potential nurses. The generational change and progression have given us prominent stance in the public health arena. Thanks to the evolution of nursing and the timeline of growth we, as nurses, are respected and are in a position to continue togrow and improve. Given the growth in our profession and interesting point to ponder is, where will nursing as a profession be in decades to come?

Advertising: Information or Manipulation Essay

Advertising, also known as a part of the marketing process, has a rich background. When we talk about marketing the first things that rise to our judgment are high profit, goods and services and of course consumers. Advertisings role should only exist in order to help society by real in ruleation about products and services. Moreover, it helps consumers decide what to purchase according their actual needs. Advertisements are located everywhere and no one can avoid sightedness them. Thus, every individual in exposed to seeing at least one advertisement.Advertising is a form of mass communication with the public. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade the potential customers to purchase or consume more of a particular brand of product/services. We could separate advertising in two categories. Giving information through advertising about a product is the first category that is innocent when facing the costumers. The second category has a manipulative effect on people. Thus, People exposed to specific advertisements are led to buy goods and services or do things that dont actually want to do.And in order to attract audiences, some advertisers use different extreme technique that does more damage on the consumers life thence with helping him. Therefore, we can say that advertising is based on manipulation and thus should be limited because it harmful. To start with, advertising reaches the mind of people and is touch-and-go when it is not real especially on children and youth. By unreal advertising we mean a shallow advertising that focuses on the desire and wants of people so the firms producing this product achieves sales and high profits.Young children are unable to understand advertising messages and the information given by these advertisements, therefore, children may consider these advertisements as the right and the real world thus it go forth affect their behavior. According to the Washington post and their researches, Fede ral regulators should restrict television advertising aimed at children 8 and young because research shows youngsters lack the skills to question a commercials claims as anything but fact, the American Psychological Association said yesterday. (Washington post article).Moreover, children will be affected by cartoons, kids shows Thus, manipulation is being forced on children by using the popular faces in cartoons like Hannah Montana, Dora For instance, during my childhood, there was a chocolate commercial for Disney (picture of the product) and the same chocolate bar was next to it. The price range was very apart since the chocolate by Disney was a brand name. And as a Disney fan I cried and begged for the chocolate bar that was by Disney. Thus, we can see here that manipulation in advertising is being implemented through the mind of children and is affecting their behavior.

The Socio Economic Impact Of Credit Environmental Sciences Essay

execrable productiveness coupled with corruptness in the executing of authorities policies and the trouble by aquaculture look for husbandmans to unveiling credit entry which is an of import ingredient for development, increased productiveness and improved supports ingests this field of study. The surveil will be conducted to heartbeat the Socio-Economic Impact of Credit on Aquaculture fish Farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. This is with the position to measure the consequence of the search husbandmans socio-economic features and institutional factors that could squeeze seek labor from aquaculture in the cartoon country. pristine in physiqueations will be generated through the governing body of semi-structured questionnaires on indiscriminately selected aquaculture fish husbandmans who benefitted from credit rating and those who did non such that they are equ aloney spread over the 20 ( 20 ) Local organisation Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. The husbandmans will be strat ified into donees of reference ( 40 ) and non-beneficiaries of recognition ( 60 ) , sampled on the footing of three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who benefitted from recognition and three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who did non simoleons from recognition per Local political sympathies Area ( LGA ) .The primary breedings generated will be scored and the per centums of the parametric quantities will be calculated suitably and presented in frequence tabular arraies. The chief statistical tools that will be engaged are average, per centum, whole norm and frequence counts. Descriptive statistical method and illative statistics will be diligent to discourse consequences. The consequences would be utilise to proffer recommendations for betterment, based on findings.Introduction.The general aim of this value is to find the consequence of the fish husbandman s socio-economic features and institutional factors that could trespass fish output signal from aquaculture in th e prospect country Figs. 1, 2 and 3 ) .The major purposes of the survey are as followsI. Measure the socio-economic features of fish husbandmans who benefitted and those who did non profit from recognition.two Evaluate the usurpation of recognition usage on the productiveness of aquaculture in the survey country.three. Measure the degree of production of fish husbandmans who benefitted from and those who did non profit from recognition.four. Identify the jobs and/or factors that militate against the coveted impact of recognition on fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria.v. Identify the beginning ( s ) of recognition and form of outgo to the fish husbandmans.six. Proffer recommendations for betterment, based on findings.In order to accomplish the above enunciated major purposes of the survey, the explore inquiries for this survey are consequently formulated as followsI. Do aquaculture angle husbandmans with entrance to recognition create a better socio-economic life? two. Does entree to recognition impact on the productiveness of aquaculture fish cultivation? three. How does the beginning and form of recognition disbursement impact on the over all socio-economic life of aquaculture fish husbandmans? In Nigeria, awkward funding has long been considered a tough nut to cleft. tied(p) when available, entree to recognition is problematical for husbandmans. However, there has been renewed participation by the federal official Government in get the better ofing the obstructions that block off entree to agricultural obstructions, as finance is an of import ingredient for development, as it allows agricultural communities to go in(predicate) in making supports and better nutrient security.Despite assorted attempts by the Nigerian authorities at doing peachy agricultural policies through strategies, programmes and establishments, with agricultural recognition strategies, which has been working for many old ages, the public manifestation of the secto r has non fared better than it was before independency. This has been diversely blamed on the authorities s inability to sum up equal budgetary allotment and funding, coupled with corruptness in the executing of the policies ( Eze, C. et Al. 2010 ) .It is hence pertinent to get hold the impact of recognition strategies on the donees, and in peculiar the piscaries sector. It is against this background that this survey is designed to measure the socio-economic impact of recognition on aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria.Relation to Previous Research.Though modern aquaculture in Nigeria is of recent pattern, artisanal fishermen and locomote communities gestate for coevalss practiced traditional methods of fish nurturing in tidal pools and inundation fields ( Dada 2007, 1975 ) . FAO, 2003, reported that Nigeria contributed 6.4 % to agricultural production in Africa in twelvemonth 2000, with domestic fish production from aquaculture increasing from 4.5 % in 1999 to 5. 5 % in 2000 ( Table 2 ) . Although there is considerable possible for aquaculture in Nigeria, the present part to domestic fish production from this sector is instead low. by of the estimated annual production of 467,098 dozenss in 2000, less than 10 % came from aquaculture ( federal Department of Fisheries, 2003 ) .In malice of the potency of aquaculture, there are tonss of jobs militating against its development. Prominent among these are hapless excerpt fish seed and provender, hapless substructure, unequal proficient know-how and recognition ( Olaoye et al. , 2011 ) . Credit which is of great importance to the livelihood of fish agriculture and agricultural development in Nigeria is nevertheless missing in the strategy of things ( Onwuka, 2006 ) . Even when available, entree to recognition is ambitious for husbandmans in the rural countries despite the fact that it is an indispensable input in agricultural production ( Olaoye, 2010 ) . This could be attributed to miss of i nformation and indirect securities among husbandmans and administrative bureaucratic bottle cervixs.Out of despair to transform the state s agricultural sector, the federal official Government of Nigeria has since the early 1970s, embarked on real capital investing programmes in agribusiness, based on the belief that recognition is the all in all productive input required by husbandmans to transform their productive capacity ( Olowa et al. , 2011 ) . In position of the failed past times recognition strategies and acknowledgment of the of import function recognition dramas in agricultural development and sustainability, prompted the Federal Government of Nigeria to set up recognition strategies such as the awkward Credit Guarantee Scheme ( ACGS ) and boorish Credit Support Scheme ( ACSS ) , amongst others to guarantee husbandman s entree to recognition. The constitution of these new recognition strategies notwithstanding, entree to recognition by husbandmans has non well impro ved. Based on the 2006 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey, it is estimated that merely 18 % of farm families ( chiefly small-scale husbandmans ) have entree to fiscal services ( Akramov, 2009 ) .It is frequently really hard to quantitatively show the impact of recognition on small-scale husbandmans, because it is hard to capture and analyze all of its benefits ( Accion International, 2010 ) . However, Okojie et Al. ( 2010 ) in an call into question of freelance actors in Edo State, Nigeria found that micro-credit had a unequivocal impact on the concern and household life of rural inhabitants that had entree to NGO-MFIs. Feijo ( 2001 ) besides found that there was a positive impact on the lives of husbandmans who benefited from the recognition installations of the Program to Support Family agriculture ( PRONAF ) in Brazil, based on the amount of productiveness growing of their chief harvests.In the same vena, Oyeyinka et Al. ( 2009 ) , analyzing the impact of donees and non-beneficiaries of the NACRDB smallholder bestow strategy in Oyo State, Nigeria, found that the output, income, and entree to improved farm inputs of donees were higher compared to that of non-beneficiaries. Other impacts include betterments in easing economic minutess, lick offing daily resources, accessing services that improve quality of life, protecting against economic exposure, doing productiveness sweetenings and leveraging assets. Finally, participants in the FGD posited that timely recognition proviso facilitates the timely acquisition of farm inputs, which help husbandmans better their support.Traditional aquaculture transcription and gaining control piscaries have socio-economic impacts on angling communities in Nigeria. Harmonizing to Federal Department of Fisheries ( 2000 ) , traditional aquaculture systems and gaining control piscaries bear employment for over 1 million populate in Nigeria. These systems account for 70 90 % of the one-year income of angling co mmunities in Nigeria ( DFID-FAO, 2002 ) . The writers nevertheless pointed out that the income is instead low and can barely prolong them and their households. Gwomna ( 2006 ) submitted that angling communities in Nigeria are socially disadvantaged and lack comfortss like lodging, good imbibing H2O, healthful installations and instruction, therefore compromising their nutritionary security. He besides posited that the socio-economic state of affairss of these angling communities therefore have an impact on the quality of their support.In this survey, I am adding a new dimension of looking at the socio-economic impact of recognition on aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, Nigeria from the point of position of multi-credit lines instead a individual recognition installation. This is with the position of highlighting, if any, the interplay of multi-credit lines on the demographics of adoption and its musical accompaniment effects on the aquaculture fish husbandmans.Proposed Met hods.A multi-stage and simple Random have ( SRS ) technique will be used to bring forth primary informations from the field, utilizing sets of structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Aim severe technique will be used to choose three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans in separately of the 20 ( 20 ) Local Government Areas ( LGAS ) of Ogun State, Nigeria who benefitted from a recognition or loan strategy, while some other three ( 3 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans who did non profit from any recognition or loan strategy would be sampled in each of the 20 ( 20 ) Local Government Areas ( LGAs ) .A sum of One ampere-second and 20 ( 120 ) aquaculture fish husbandmans will be sampled for the survey, with accent on husbandmans that keep reasonably good and accurate records of their operations. The husbandmans will be divided into two ( 2 ) groups, viz. husbandmans that had entree to recognition or loan ( whether ball or informal beginnings ) for aquaculture fish agriculture and the 2nd group, husbandmans who did non entree any manakin of recognition or loan. Sets of questionnaire would be administered on the sampled aquaculture fish husbandmans between the 1st of November 2012 and 16th December 2012. endeavour will be made to guarantee equal spread and representation of each Local Government Area.The primary informations would be generated on the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans, such as age, pool size ( s ) , provenders, gender, offstage services, rank of Fishermen Co-operative Societies, fish inputs, quality of fish gimmick and income, educational background, recognition beginning ( s ) and form of expense, experience and family size of the husbandman, and jobs restraining aquaculture fish agriculture in Ogun State, Nigeria, etc. , utilizing structured questionnaires.The secondary informations would be extracted from archived paperss of recognition facilitators, oversing authorities bureaus and relevant published look for work an d documents. The information would include, the entire one-year fish production and entire aquaculture fish production in Ogun State and Nigeria for the last five old ages list of aquaculture fish husbandmans in Ogun State, and list of the different types of aquaculture fish pools, their size and locations and relevant literature on aquaculture fish production in Ogun State in peculiar and Nigeria in general. Besides, informations on the sum of loans, figure of loan donees, loan public presentation and the demographics of adoption, etc. The administrations from whom these informations would be extracted from their archives, include Ogun State Agricultural Development Project, Ogun State Agricultural Management and Credit Scheme ( OSAMCA ) , Nigeria Agricultural Credit and Rural Development Bank ( NACRDB ) , Ogun State Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Department of Fisheries ( FDF ) , University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and any other relevant bureaus and establishments.The primary informations generated from the questionnaire will be scored, and the per centums of the parametric quantities will be calculated suitably and presented in frequence tabular arraies. The chief statistical tools that will be employed are average, per centums, and whole norm and frequence counts. Descriptive statistical methods and illative statistics will be used to discourse the information. The descriptive analysis will be used to foreground the nature and frequence of informations and jobs encountered by the aquaculture fish husbandmans in the province.To buttress the choice of the interview method for informations coevals for the survey, Hirsjarvi et Al. ( 2009 ) and Hirsjarvi ( 2008 ) opined that the interview method is a good method of informations coevals, as it allows for the enlargement of information, clarify desired replies, and acquire exemplifying illustrations. Hirsjarvi and Hume ( 2008 ) define interview as a tool, proposing that the interviewers talk is to interced e the image of respondents ideas, sentiments, experiences, and feelings. A semi-structured interview type will be chosen for this survey as it is the most suited, sing the nature of the topic.Contemplations.This survey is of great importance and involvement to me because it forms portion of what I intend to make in the hereafter and besides its ability to add to the bing complete structure of cognition. It is anticipated that the survey would besides assist broaden my cognition on aquaculture fish agriculture. The survey has the ability to bring forth critical and utile information that could help policy preparation. Though the survey can be clip devouring, dashing and frustrating, it is every bit rewarding.In transporting out a survey of this nature, there are normally built-in jobs that would necessitate to be addressed in order to transport on a qualitative research that can adequately lend to the bing organic structure of cognition. most of the awaited jobs and intended solut ion would be highlighted.The most awaited challenge is that of the moralss of the respondents, peculiarly in a underdeveloped hostel like Nigeria, with a reasonably low literacy degree and official corruptness makes people leery of each other and apathy towards the behavior of study. This ethical consideration demand to be considered as many of the respondents may be loath to take portion in the survey or may non be really willing to unwrap critical and personal information to an unknown beginning. This is attributable to the dubiousness of what the divulged information will be used for, who might come in contact with such information and how the information would be used.In position of the high prevalence of crisp corrupt patterns in the society and public establishments, entree to secondary informations from public and private establishments could be hard, and if provided, they may non be a real contemplation of what obtains on land. To work out this job therefore, I intend t o guarantee all those that would necessitate to supply information for the survey of their confidentiality and namelessness, while besides acquiring a missive of debut from the University. I besides intend to acquire the consent of respondents before interview and guaranting that they are adequately educated on the intent of the survey and that the information provided will be used strictly for the exclusive intent of survey.The usage of multi-stage and simple random sample ( SRS ) technique to bring forth primary informations utilizing sets of structured and semi-structured inquiries comes with its ain attendant restrictions, such as the debut of the research workers prejudice in the class of interview. The prejudices of a research worker on a subject tend to on occasion play itself out on the panache the interview inquiries for the survey are structured. I hence would guarantee that I am as soggy and open-minded as possible. This is besides pertinent in position of the fact tha t the survey could assist clarify some salient issues which could assist construct on my cognition of aquaculture fish agriculture.Finally, to accomplish a research work of high quality, I would use myself to the survey with much diligence, difficult work, committedness and unfastened head.Decision.In logical thinking this survey, inferals from the analysis of the information generated will be used to proffer recommendations for the betterment of the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans and the ability of the husbandmans to entree recognition, its form of expense and degree of public presentation.On the whole, all issues that come up from the survey as respects the socio-economic features of the aquaculture fish husbandmans and their entree to recognition will be discussed and recommendations proffered for their betterment.The survey will be reason out by associating the subject with all the findings of the survey vis-a-vis the aims of the survey.Timetable.A. 1st November 2012 to 16th December 2012Polish of questionnaire and disposal.Primary informations assemblage through questionnaire disposal.Expansion of review of Relevant Literature and Secondary Data Gathering.Draft write-up of Chapter 1.B. seventeenth December 2012 to 13th January 2013.Extraction and bite of information ( information ) from questionnaire.Analysis of collated information ( information ) . demo of analyzed information ( information )Draft write-up of chapter 2.C. 14th January 2013 to 28th marchland 2013.Draft write-up of thesis.Submission of measurement of exchange transcript of thesis.Submission of concluding transcript of thesis.Mentions.Accion International. n.d. Measuring the impact of microfinance Our Perspective. hypertext transfer protocol //www.accion.org/Document.Doc? id=794. Accessed July 30, 2010.Akinbile, L.A. ( 2007 ) . standardisation of socio-economic Status ( SES ) graduated table for farm households in South West Nigeria. Journal of Social Scien ces, 14 ( 3 ) 221-227.Akramov, K.T ( 2009 ) . Decentralization, agricultural services and determiners of input usage in Nigeria. Discussion Paper 941, Washington, D.C International regimen Policy Research institute.Dada, B.F. ( 2007 ) . Fisheries Development in Nigeria. The challenges and chances of accessing fund. The president s reference delivered by Otunba Bamidele Dada ( OON ) at the public talk organised by the Fisheries Society of Nigeria ( FISON ) in Lagos, Nigeria.Dada, B.F. ( 1975 ) . Present Status and Prospects for Aquaculture in Nigeria. Symposium on Aquaculture in Africa. CIFA/T4, Rome FAO.DFID-FAO ( 2002 ) . Contribution of Fisheries Research to the Improvement of Livelihoods in West African Fisheries Communities Case analyze of Nigeria. Rome DFID-FAO. Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.sflp.org/eng/fr/003/doc/rpniga2.doc. Accessed 19th March 2005.Eze, C. , Lemchi, J.J. , Ugochukwu, A.I. , Eze, V.C. , Awulonu, C.A.O. , and Okon, A.X. ( 2010 ) . Agricultur al financing Policies and rural Development in Nigeria. The 84th Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society, Edinburgh. 29th to 31st March 2010.Food and Agricultural Organisation ( FAO ) ( 2003 ) . Review of the State of World Aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886, Rev.2. Rome FAO.Federal Department of Fisheries ( FDF ) ( 2003 ) . Domestic Fish production by sectors ( 1991-2000 ) . Lagos, Nigeria Federal Department of Fisheries.Gwomna, A. ( 2006 ) . The Role of Traditional Aquaculture Systems and Fish in Food Security and Livelihoods of Fishing Communities in two States in Nigeria. Ph.D. Thesis Submitted at The Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland. October 2006.Okojie, C. Monye-Emina, A Eghofona, K Osaghae, G and Ehiakhamen, J.O ( 2010 ) . Institutional environment and entree to microfinance by freelance adult females in the rural countries of Edo State.NSSP Brief No. 14. Washington, D.C International Food Policy Research Instit ute.Shimang, G.N. ( 1999 ) . Status Review of Aquaculture Development in Nigeria ( 1940-1998 ) , Abuja, Nigeria. Federal Department of Fisheries.

Case Study †An Ethical Dilemma Essay

Jackie, a young star with a prominent voice who gets picked up by a professional recording label after acting at a national talent competition. Overwhelmed with excitement, thinks it is a dream come true to start a c beer with a lucrative contract. Meets and has an intimate encounter with her soon to be manager, Kevin. Months go by as their dealingship begins to flourish but soon she starts to hear rumors that Kevin has helped a new girl in the wakeless department get her station threw their own personal relations. Jackie has suspicions that Kevin whitethorn be having early(a) deeper interactions with this new girl. Jackies suspicions bring forbidden to be true and she is devastated. She obviously breaks off the relationship with Kevin but cannot afford to dawdle him as her manager. Time goes by with awkward silence between the two but in the end Jackie decides to be professional with her c beer and continues to keep Kevin on as her manager.This lasts awhile until Kevin star ts to make inappropriate sexual advances towards her. She tries to jest it off but as he continues she threatens to make a formal complaint to legal. He does eventu altogethery s confidential information but has stopped all efforts to promote her music thus making it very grueling for her to continue on with her success. She eventually does decide to make a complaint with legal, on that point is where she runs into Leslie, the girl that Kevin had got the position for in legal. She tells her, even I believed you, you didnt report this relationship which goes against our superior-employee ethics code. So all she had the choice to let the matter go or to make a complaint which would in turn have her also reprimanded. She is forced withan ultimate decision and eventually decides to do nothing.Summarized Ethical Issue at HeartThe un honest issue at heart is the manager, Kevin, making inappropriate gestures towards Jackie after they had broken up. Doing so with Jackies vulnerable posi tion of whether or not to report the issue which would do more combat injury than heartfelt. Or to leave the matter alone and just hope that Kevin would leave her alone. Neither option are better suited for Jackie who in this mooring is the victim, which leads to the interrogation of appropriate honorable responsibility of the companion.Details that are missing in the caseA 3rd party perspective on the details of two parties. More detail as to what accusations were being do towards Kevin and Jackie. Whether Kevin had prudish ethical pedagogy.List of all s coming backholders who would be involved with this ethical dilemma.EmployeesOther artistsBoard of TrusteesInvestorsLegal DepartmentCustomersCommunityMediaThree stakeholders and the concerns they may have.Employees taket like how they are exiting for an unethically sound ships company. Thinking how it could happen to them if they were put in the same situation If theproblem was ever made public how would my line of busin ess security look? Would this companys name stain my resume?InvestorsHow depart my portfolio look if this artist is to become successful with whatsoever other producer? Will this story become public?Will my shares plummet from this companys braggart(a) publicity?What would happen to the company outlook if the stainless company was to go thru proper corporate ethical training? Could it be a success?Board of TrusteesThis will look bad if the story was to made publicHow must will it cost to perform proper corporate training on proper ethical carriage? Do the managerial levels bespeak to be reevaluated?Could the company be looking at a lawsuit?Five solutions. perpetrate corporate training at all levels reviewing proper ethical conduct Fire the managerWorkout an undisclosed settlementSee if another manager is in stock(predicate) to take her onLeave and try to find successes elsewhereTop three solutions with possible consequences.1. Perform corporate training at all levels, monito r it and have employees sign off on ordinance polices that are being practiceed regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other green ethical practices.Doesnt really solve the problem at hand, may be good for the future(a) but doesnt help Jackie Company sets public perception that their ethical standards are in question Very timely and costlyRisk of employees losing interest/possible turnover of employees2. Fire and Replace the passenger carMay get sued by Kevin for illegitimate terminationJackies verbal threats may continue accident is likely to be made publicBoard of Trustees would have to look over all counselling positions Loss of all dogmatic profits that Kevin may have acquired3. Workout an undisclosed settlement dear(p)Sets a standard for future wrong doingsMay not stay quiet ally employees and/or artist may exercise more scrutiny as they mature on with their jobThree Stakeholders and Top Three Solutions with two pros and two cons effects on the Stakeholder .Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behaviorWill benefit the companys overall performanceGive the media something different to talk about with regards to the company Very costlyEmployees may decline to take it/possible employee turnoverFire and Replace the passenger vehicleJackie would be satisfiedThe company would have a bad employee releasedFellow artists may lose that labelManager could sue for wrongful terminationWorkout an undisclosed amountJackie would be happy and the problem would be resolved rest quietCostlySolves no future problemsTwo ethical principles upheld or violated by the top three solutions.Make company employees take corporate training on proper ethical behaviorProvides positive integrity to the companyAs long as the training provided was paid hours it shouldnt be seen in any way of being unethical Trust and CommunicationFire and Replace the ManagerFails to meet ethical standards simply because not exuberant information is known Une thical towards the employees as some could suddenly be put into a disadvantageWork out an undisclosed amountall in all unethical from the rest of the companys standpoint as this option would be odd and hang no purpose towards the rest of the company Financially unethical to use funds to serve as a settlement rather than other purposes of the companyPerforming corporate training at all levels, monitoring it and have employees sign off on regulating polices that are being implement regarding superior-employee relations as well as all other common ethical practices will provide positive integrity to the company. If the training hours were paid and it didnt have an effect on daily routine thence it doesnt seem to be unethical to request training hours. paper bag the manager Kevin would solve Jackies problem but only hers alone. To be fair which is a principle ofethics would be to implement a code that would benefit the company as a whole. Although what Kevin is accused of doing is wa rranted of being fired there just isnt enough information for the company to let him go. Her words against his wouldnt be enough to fire him. This is why a revamp of full corporate training probably stands to be the beat possible solution for this situation.Decision and ImplementationIdentify the exceed solution.Implementing corporate training throughout the entire staff of the company maybe specializing in specific areas would be most likely to be the best possible solution. There are a lot more benefits to educating employees on proper ethics. A employment in which an ethics code has been instilled is a naturally pleasant place. Employee morale rises in an atmosphere that promotes good behavior and honest interactions.Reasons why this is the best solution.It creates a better atmosphere in the workplace, teaches an office how to work as a team, promotes personal responsibility, and has always shown to boost staff morale. A work ethics training syllabus promotes teamwork by inst illing trust in co-workers. People are more likely to be amenable to working together when they appreciate and respect one another.Why the other solutions were rejectedFiring the manager Kevin as well as making an undisclosed settlement were found to be unethical towards other members of the company. It would not be a good example to set if the company were to single out an incident and act in an irregular way towards that issue. There also wasnt enough facts to the case to make the decision to fire the manager, Kevin. Especially doing so knowing full well it would affect other stakeholders.Possible objections to the solutionThe company may find that employee may complain that they do not need to take part in training. A mandatory requirement may need to be implemented for all employees. A turnover rate within the employees may be seen. Investors or Board of Trustees will look at all avenues of the cheapest method of implementing training.How would you overcome these objections?Make it a requirement to attain a certain number of ethics training hours. Find other avenues of funding that can contribute to the program to make sure that employees are receiving the best training. Self-inflicted training from the managerial level is a cheaper method to send word employees.ReferencesEthical Dilemma. (n.d.). Forbes. Retrieved , from http//www.forbes.com/2004/06/23/cx_da_0623topnews.htmlAdvantages of learning Employees About Work ethics. (n.d.). Small Business. Retrieved , from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-training-employees-work-ethics-44472.htmlEthics Training in the Workplace. (n.d.). Ethics Training. Retrieved , from http//www.rctm.com/ethics.htmInstitute For Ethical Awareness. (n.d.). Institute For Ethical Awareness. Retrieved , from http//www.instituteforethicalawareness.orgThe Online Business Ethics Training Program Ethics Training Guide. (n.d.). Ethics Training Guide. Retrieved , from http//ethicstrainingguide.org/